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With Map Showing Ward Boundaries 

Principal Buildings 

and Places of Interest 






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Going to Paint Up? 



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We are Manufacturers and Distributors 
of House, Automobile, Carriage and 
Boat Paints 

A FULL STOCK OF- 



Enamels, Oils, Varnishes, Plate Glass, 
Wall Paper, Wall Board, and Roofing 
Papers 

ATLANTIC PAINT CO. 

207 Meeting St. Opp. Charleston Hotel 



Charleston 

Auto Painting Works 




Auto Painting, Lettering, Striping 

CHRISTIAN H. NOLTE 
Proprietor 

Office 
ATLANTIC PAINT CO. Works 

207 Meeting St. Meeting and Lee Sts. 



GUIDE TO 



(Harleston, S. C. 



WITH 



Brief History of the Citp 



AND 



-■- 



Map thereof 



C. IRVINE WALK*:- 



FUBLIShED BY 



WALKER, EVANS & COGSWELL COMPANY 
Charleston. S. C. 



F EB -3 1920 

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MAP 
CITY OF CHARLESTON, SC 



?CRAOY BROS.CHLVE5 



.KER EVANS* COGSWELL CO 



NN NVNVVVXVN^VX\SX\N 



No. 162 



le Piles National 11 ol C 




Oldest National Bank in the State 
Organized 1 865 



Conducts a General Banking Business 

Savings Department 



Interest 4 per ct. per annum compounded quarterly, 
January, April, July, O&ober 



Certificates of Deposit bearing interest from date of 
deposit payable every three months 



Safe Deposit Boxes to rent on reasonable terms 



Capital - - . $500,000 
Surplus and Undivided Profits 345,000 
Total Resources - $7,500,000 



Accounts Solicited 



Follow Title 



Miller Auto Transfer Co. 



SOLICITS YOUR PATRONAGE 




Latest Model Eight Cylinder Cars 

With Competent, Careful Chauffeurs 

Furnished on Short Notice 

For All Occasions 



Trips to MAGNOLIA GARDENS and 
Other Points of Interest a Specialty 



BAGGAGE TRANSFERRED 

Phone 72 Garage: 23 and 25 Hayne Street 



Face Index 



INDEX 



Page 

Academy of Music 48 

Arion Hall 42 

Argyle Hotel 42 

Artesian Wells 35 

Artillery Hall , 58 

Atlantic National Bank 45 

Atlantic Savings Bank 51 

Ashley Hall Plantation 112 

Ashley Hall (School) 93 

Ashley River Asylum . , 100 

Associated Charities Society 56 

Jaker Sanatorium 67 

iank of Charleston, N. B. A 51 

aptist Church, Citadel Square 36 

Japtist, First, Church 29 

Japtist, Rutledge Ave., Church 95 

Japtist, Sunbeam Memorial, Church 50 

Japtist, Tabernacle, Church 65 

Jattery = 23 

ennett School 97 

iethel M. E. Church 92 

Jethel (Old) Church 62 

Jirthplace of First Child 26 

ishop England High School 64 

randford House : 40 

rewton Home 29 

ridge Across Ashley 99 

road Street 51 

ull Home 39 

Calhoun Mounment 60 

lalhoun Street 59 

:alvary (P. E.) Church 69 

ampbell, Lord William (residence).... 30 

arteret Bastion, Site of 34 

Carolina Savings Bank 55 

arolina Yacht Club 24 

Catholic, St. Joseph's Church 66 

atholic, St. Mary's Church 85 

Catholic, St. Patrick's Church 96 

Catholic, St. Peter's Church 56 

Cathedral, St. John The Baptist 54 

Castle Pinckney 106 

emeteries 105 

Cemetery, Magnolia 104 

Citadel , 60 

itizens Bank 49 

ity Bank & Trust Co 46 

City Hall ■ 52 

Charleston American 42 

Charleston Club 38 

Charleston College 80 

C C. Railway & Lighting Co 41 

Charleston Home 74 

Charleston Hotel 35 

Charleston Light Dragoons' Armory.... 85 

Charleston Savings Institution 51 

C. & W. Ry. Freight Office 26 

Christ (P. E.) Church 93 

Christian Science 48 

hurch of Christ, First 62 

Church Home, Episcopal 68 

Church Home, Centenary 98 

Church Street 27 

Chamber of Commerce 51 

Clyde Steamship Docks 25 

Colonial Take 94 

Colored Y. W. C. A 75 

Columbus Hall 64 

Commercial National Bank 45 

Confederate College and Home 51 



Page 

Confederate Museum 34 

Convent, Our Lady of Mercy 87 

Cotton Exchange 77 

County Auditor 33 

County Court 33 

County School Commissioners 33 

County Treasurer 33 

Court House, County 40 

Courtenay School 37 

Country Club 105 

Court, United States 55 

Crafts School 88 

Craven Bastion, Site of 26 

Custom House ...... 25 

Dime Savings Bank 45 

East Bay 24 

Edwards, John, Mansion 38 

Elks' Home 57 

Emanuel A. M. E. Church 59 

Engineers Corps 26 

Enston, William, Home 47 

Enterprise Bank 41 

Evening Post 33 

Exchange Banking & Trust Co 55 

Fertilizer Factories 1Q3 

Fidelity Corp., Charleston 4& 

Fire Department 33' 

Fire Department 36 

Fire Department 70 

Fire Department 87 

Fire Proof Building 33 

Fi-st Brick House 76 

First Federal Shot Struck ■ 51 

First National Bank 26- 

Florence Crittenden Home • i02 

Fort Johnson 107 

Fort Moultrie 107 

Fort Sumter 106 

Franke Home ...., 64 

Fusiliers' Armory j : • 57 

Gage, Alva, Library j ; 71 

Gibbes Memorial Art Building 41 

Grace Church : • 57 

Greek Orthodox Church .... 96 

Gregorian Hall :....:... ■ .80 

Half Moon Battery, Site of ';.• 74 

Hampstead Square M. E. Church '..• 65- 

Hampton Monument '.. $2 

Hampton Park .■.' 73 

Harriott Pinckney Home for Seamen 2,7 

Hebrew Orphan Asylum ■..........„" '53 

Hibernian Hall 40 

High School • '78 

Historical ...:.........; 1.1,5 

Holy Communion Church .-. 66 

Holy Posary Church :. 38 

Horn Work on Marion Square 46 

Horry Home :..; ...... 40 

Hospital and School for NursesV (col.) ,.'70 

Huguenot Church ....:..... 2? 

Immigration Bureau : 26 

Industrial School : 92 

Information, general ..; .5 

Internal Revenue 26 

Irish Volunteers' Armory 101 

Isle of Palms Ferry 25 

Isle of Palms Ill 

Izard Home 54 

Jail 90 

Jenkins' Orphanage 78 



INDEX- CONTINDKD 



Page 

King's Daughters Nursery 88 

King Street 43 

Liberty Tree 59 

Liberty Bank 45 

Library, Charleston . 43 

Lighthouse Department 101 

Lighthouse Inspector 26 

Lucas, Eliza, Hall 105 

Lyric Theatre 45 

Magnolia Gardens Ill 

Majestic Theatre 49 

Market 90 

Marion Square 42 

Masonic Temple 44 

Medical College of S. C 89 

Meeting Street '. 30 

Memminger School 97 

Methodist, Centenary, Church 57 

Minets & Merchants Bank 55 

Mitchell School 91 

Moose, Loyal Order of 45 

M'otte Home 29 

Mount Pleasant 110 

Mt. Pleasant Ferry '. 25 

Mt. Zion A. M. E. Church 63 

Museum 94 

Navy Yard 113 

News & Courier 55 

Odd Fellows' Hall 49 

Orphan Asylum 92 

Orphan House 61 

Osceola's Grave ...... 110 

Peoples Building 51 

Peoples Forum 71 

Peoples National Bank 51 

Police Station 97 

Post Office 55 

Post Office, Old 24 

Postal Telegraph 26 

Porter Military Academy 67 

Powder Magazine 76 

Presbyterian Church, First 39 

Presbyterian Church, Second 37 

Presbyterian, Circular Church 34 

Presbyterian Church, Knox 77 

Presbyterian Church, Westminster 42 

Princess Theatre 45 

Pringle, Judge Robert's Home 101 

Pringle House 48 

Public Health & Marine Service, U. S. 26 

Pythian Castle 50 

Probate Judge * 33 

Provincial Council, Meeting Place 29 

Register Mesne Conveyance 33 

Rhett's (Colonel) Home 83 

Riverside Infirmary 63 

Roper Hospital _ 89 

Runnymede 112 

St. Andrew's! Hall, Site of 54 

St. Andrew's Lutheran Church 58 

St. Andrew's Mission 82 

St. Andrew's (P. E.) Church Ill 



rage 

St. Barnabus Lutheran Church j 65 

St. Francis Xavier Infirmary '.....: r ;63 

St. James', Goose Creek, Church.. ;;.... 'i08 

St. Johannes Lutheran Church 83 

St. John's Hotel ., 41 

St. John's Lutheran Church.. :. 72 

St. John's P. F. Church :...'. ..V 82 

St. Joseph's Parochial School 66 

St. Luke's) P. E. Church 76 

St. Margaret's Home : 95 

St. Michael's P. E. Church.... 31 

St. Mark's P. F. Church 100 

St. Paul's P. F. Church 75 

St. Peter's Cemetery 88 

St. Philip's P. F. Church 28 

St. Philip's Church Home 28 

Scattered Points! of Interest 65 

Seaboard A. L. Freight , 26 

Shaw School 91 

Shirras' Dispensary 98 

Simonton School 87 

Slave Market, so-called 70 

So. Ca. Loan & Trust Co 55 

South Carolina Society's Hall 31 

So. Ca. Loan & Trust Co 50 

Southern Railway 46 

Spring Street M. F. Church 99 

Star Gospel Mission 46 

St. Matthew's Church 50 

Steamboat Inspector 26 

Street Numbers 6 

Stuart, Col. John's) Home 101 

Suburbs 102 

Sullivan's Island 110 

Sullivan's Island Ferry 25 

Summerville 113 

Sumter Guards' Armory 86 

Synagogue, Beth Israel 97 

Synagogue, Brith Shalom 96 

Synagogue, K. K. B. E 83 

Terminal Co 91 

The Oaks 109 

Timrod Inn 40 

Tours, Auto „ 7 

Tours, Walking ..., 17 

Trinity M. E. Church 84 

Union Passenger Station 74 

Unitarian Church 72 

Victory Theatre 98 

Villa Margherita 99 

Walker, Evans, & Cogswell Co 55 

Washington's Domicile 30 

Washington Light Infantry Armory 44 

Washington Park , 32 

Washington, William, Home 99 

Weather Bureau 26 

Wentworth Street 56 

White Point Garden 23 

Wilkinson, Caroline, Home 69 

W. U. Telegraph 26 

Y. M. C. A 79 

Y. W. C. A 81 



GENERAL INFORMATION 

All trains enter Charleston at Union Station. Passenger steam- 
ers from New York and Jacksonville, Fla., land at Clyde Line 
Wharves, at east end of Vendue Range, within two blocks of 
East Bay Street. 

Automobiles, busses and cabs meet all trains and steamers. 
They may be taken direct to hotels or to the railroads or docks. 
Automobiles may be ordered to meet trains by telegraph, tele- 
phone or letter. 

Street cars pass directly by the Union Station. Persons desir- 
ing to go to any of the leading hotels will find the Belt Line cars 
going south the quickest route, although Belt Line cars in either 
direction may be taken. Broad Street cars also meet all trains. They 
pass Marion Square, issue transfers to Meeting Street and Navy 
Yard cars, to King Street cars, and to cars on the Gadsden Loop. 
Persons using the Broad Street cars can reach the hotels by 
transferring at Marion Square to Meeting Street cars going south. 
Persons desiring to go to the Clyde Line docks will find the Belt 
Line cars going south the most convenient. Broad Street cars 
will also give passage to these docks. Conductors should let such 
passengers off at Vendue Range. 



STREET NUMBERS 

All streets run nearly North and South, and East and West. 
The Cooper and Ashley Rivers bound the city on the east and 
west, and join off the Battery, forming the harbor. Street num- 
bers run continuously, those on North and South running street's 
commencing at the south end, and those on East and West run- 
ning streets beginning at the east end. 

Going northward the even numbers are on the east, the right- 
hand side, and the odd numbers on the west, or left-hand side. 
Going west the even numbers are on the north, the right-hand side, 
and odd numbers on the south, or left-hand side. 

Places marked V can be visited. Other historic points are not 
open to visitors. 

On the principal streets, running north and south, i. e., East 
Bay, Church, Meeting and King Streets, and on the more import- 
ant streets running clear across the city east and west, i. e., 
Broad, Wentworth and Calhoun, the names of intersecting streets 
are given, so as to facilitate the finding of locations. 

Where important or historic places cease, on any of these 
streets the names of cross streets beyond the next cross street 
are not given. 

Take Wentworth Street for example, there is nothing of inter- 
est westward of Grace Church, so the name of next westwardly 
cross street is given, but none other to its west are given. Re- 
member that on the street guide the order in which such places 
are named is the same as that of the street numbers commencing 
at the south end of North and South running streets, and east 
end of streets extending East and West. 

On the miscellaneous streets, with points of interest scattered, 
with only one or a few on the street, only the cross streets on 
either side are noted, but locations can be further found by street 
numbers. 



TOURS 

BY AUTOMOBILE AND FOR PEDESTRIANS 

Starting from each 

THE CHARLESTON HOTEL, 

and the CLYDE STEAMSHIP LINE'S WHARVES 

of different duration. 

TO POINTS OF INTEREST IN AND AROUND THE CITY 

For detailed description of the various points of interest refer 
to Street Guide. 

The author acknowledges gratefully the skilled assistance given 
by the Miller Auto Transfer Company, in arranging the Auto- 
mobile tours on a practical basis to visit the various points within 
a given time. No allowance is made for any stoppages. 



TOUR No. 1. FROM CHARLESTON HOTEL 
BY AUTOMOBILE, ONE HOUR 

Meeting Southward — 

East Side, Market Confederate Relic Room, U. D. C. 

Cumberland Eastward — 

South Side, No. 25 Old Trott House. First brick house 

built in city. 
No. 23 Old Pre-Revolutionary Powder Maga- 
zine. 

Church Southward — 

East Side, No. 144 St. Philip's Church. 

West Side, St. Philip's Churchyard, containing 

Tomb of Hon. John C. Calhoun. 
East Side, No. 142 St. Philip's Church Home. 

No. 136 Huguenot, French Protestant, Church. 
Only one in the United States. 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 



Queen Westward — 

Meeting Southward — 
West Side, No. 
No. 
No. 

East Side, 



113 

103 

87 





No. 


78 


West Side, 






East Side, 


No. 


72 


West Side, 


No. 


59 




No. 


53 




No. 


35 


East Side, 


No. 


34 



West Side, No. 15 



No. 



St. John's Hotel. 

Hibernian Hall. 

County Court House and site of Capi- 
tal of Colony. 

Fire-Proof Building. County Records. 

Washington Park. Therein, Pitt 
Statue; Washington Light Infantry, 
Beauregard and Timrod Monu- 
ments. 

St. Michael's Church. 

Post Office and Park. 

Hall of South Carolina Society. 

Old Branford or Horry House, built 
between 1751-1767. 

First (Scotch) Presbyterian Church. 

Old "Bull" House, built before 1755. 

Residence of Lord Wm. Campbell, 
last Royal Governer of Colony, 
built about 1760. 

Old Home of John Edwards, who 
offered his entire fortune to Revo- 
lutionary cause. Built 1770. 

Charleston Club, built about 1800. 



South Battery Eastward — 
South Side, 
North Side, No. 6 

No. 4 

East Battery Northward — 
East Side, 





No. 


50 




No. 


122 


Broad Westward- 






South Side, 


No. 


3 


North Side, 


No. 


14 



No. 18 



White Point Garden. 
Home of Col. Wm. 

built about 1768. 
Villa Margherita. 



Washington, 



Sea Wall and Harbor. 
Carolina Yacht Club. 
Old Post Office or Exchange, 
nial. Built about 1761. 



Colo- 



Where Confederate Money and Bonds 
were printed. 

Broken cornice of building where first 
shot from Federal Swamp Angel 
Battery struck, August 22, 1863. 

Peoples Office Building. 




CHRIS. L. GATTMANN THEO. H. HOI.LY 

Star Painting Company 

Cor. Meeting and Cooper Streets 
Phone Res. 4 1 79J 

Automobile Painty, Truck and 
Wagon Lettering, Advertising 
and Commercial 5igns of all kinds 



Why have your car in the shop for three or four weeks for painting? 
We can paint your car and have it back in service in from five to ten 
days. We use the best material and guarantee our work. 

'ANTIQUES" 



M. PATLA 

Antique Furniture 



Silver, China, 

Brass, 

Pictures, Etc. 

426 King Street Charleston, S. C 

Page 8 



GLASSES MADE TO SUIT YOUR EYES 
Good Eyesight Means Good Health 



Gertrude T. Mabus 

Registered Optometrist 



Broken Lenses Duplicated 
While You Wait 



205 King St. CHARLESTON, S. C. Phone 3934 

M. M. LAZARUS CO. 

Everything in 

HARDWARE 

END OF BEND, KING STREET COR. HASELL 
PHONES 2211-2212 

ARGYLE HOTEL 

EUROPEAN 

Meeting and Hasell Streets Theo. Walsh, Mgr. 

Page 9 






GUIDE TO CHARLESTON 



c , 



South Side, 
North Side, 



South Side, 
North Side, 



No. 19 News and Courier office. 
No. 50 Chamber of Commerce. 
No. (50 ■*' Confederate College and Home. 

Washington Park. 

City Hall. 

Post Office and U. S. Court House. 

Court House. 
No. 88 Hebrew Orphan Asylum Building. 
No. 92] 

No. 94 J- Colonial Buildings. 
No. 100 J 

No. 110 Old Izard House, built before 1757. 
No. 118 Site of St. Andrew's Hall, where Se- 
cession Ordinance was adopted. 
No. 122 Cathedral of St. John the Baptist. 



Legare Northward — 

East Side, No. 68 Convent of Our Lady of Mercy, and 

Academy thereof. 
West Side, No. 67 Crafts Public School. 

Queen Eastward — 

South Side, No. 105 Cathedral Parish School. 



Charles Northward — 
East Side, No. 

No. 

No. 



4 Alva Gage Public Library and Peo- 
ples Forum. 
6 Unitarian Church, built before the 

Revolution. 
10 St. John's Lutheran Church. 



Market Eastward — 

Cor. East Bay, S. E. Custom House. 

N. W. Harriott Pinckney Home for Seamen, 
and Church of the Redeemer. 

East Bay Northward — 



Hasell Westward — 
North Side, No. 

No. 



South Side, No. 



48 St. Johannes' Evangelical Lutheran 

Church. 
58 Col. Rhett's House, built previous to 

1722. Birthplace of Governor Wade 

Hampton. 
57 Trinity Church. 



10 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON 



S. C. 



Meeting Northward — 

East Side, No. 260 First Artesian Wells. 

Fire Department, Central Station. 

West Side, No. 267 Charleston American office. 

No. 273 Westminister Presbyterian Church. 

No. 287 Arion Hall. 

Calhoun Westward — 



North Side, 






Marion Square. 

Citadel. 

Calhoun Monument. 




No. 


160 


Charleston Orphan House. 




No. 


176 


First Church of Christ. 


South Side, 


No. 


203 


Bishop England High School. 


Cor. Pitt St. 






Bethel M. E. Church and Sunday- 
School. 



North Side, No. 222 Old Bethel Church. 



Rutledge Southward — 
West Side, 



Wentworth Eastward — 



North 


Side, 


No. 


100 


South 


Side, 










No. 


61 


North 


Side, 


No. 


66 






No. 


58 






No. 


54 



Cannon Park. 

Charleston Museum. Oldest 
America. Founded 1773. 



Grace P. E. Church. 
Masonic Temple. 
Artillery Hall. 
Fusiliers' Armory. 
Centenary A. M. E. 
Elks' Home. 



in 



Church. 



Meeting Southward to Charleston Hotel. 



TOUR No. 2. FROM CHARLESTON HOTEL 

BY AUTOMOBILE, TWO HOURS 

Modern as well as Colonial. 



Meeting Southward — 

East Side, Market 



West Side, 



No. 
No. 



136 
134 



No. 131 



Confederate Relic Room, U. D. C. 
Circular Presbyterian Church. 
Evening Post Building. Site of Hall 

where Secession Ordinance was 

signed. 
Gibbes Memorial Art Building. 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON 



11 



East Side, Chalmers 



West Side, 



East Side, 



No. 103 Hibernian Hall. 

No. 87 County Court House. Site of Capital 
of the Colony of South Carolina. 
Fire-Proof Building. County Records. 
Washington Park. Therein, Pitt 
Statue; Beauregard, Washington 
Light Infantry and Timrod Monu- 
ments. 
City Hall. 
78 St. Michael's Church. 
72 South Carolina Society Hall. 

Post Office and Park. 
59 Old Branford or Horry House, built 

between 1751 and 1767. 
53 First (Scotch) Presbyterian Church. 
35 Old Bull House, built before 1755. 
34 Residence of Lord Wm. Campbell, last 

Royal Governor of Colony. 
15 Old home of John Edwards, who of- 
fered his entire fortune to Revo- 
lutionary c^use. Built 1770. 
7 Charleston Club. Built about 1800. 



No. 
No. 

No. 

No. 
No. 
No. 

No. 



No. 

Battery to King, and thence through Boulevard to Rutledge — 

Rutledge Northward — 
West Side, 

No. 



Calhoun Westward — 
North Side, No. 
South Side, No. 



121 



258 
261 



Colonial Lake. 
Charleston Museum. 

America. 
Cannon Park. 



Oldest in 



St. Francis Xavier Infirmary. 
Franke Lutheran Home. 



Lucas Northward — 

West Side, No. 9 
East Side, No. 16 



Roper Hospital. 

Medical College of South Carolina. 



Doughty Eastward — 

Ashley Avenue Northward — 

West Side, No. 199 Porter Military Academy. 

East Side, No. 218 Church of the Holy Communion. 

West Side, No. 229 Episcopal Church Home. 

Cannon to Rutledge Avenue Northward — 
East Side, No. 334 Christ Church. 



12 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 



Cleveland Westward to Hampton Park. Ride through Park. 

Cleveland to King Southward — 

East Side, No. 7£0 Wm. Enston Home. Ride through. 

King Northward to Magnolia Cemetery. Ride through. 

Meeting Southward — 

East Side, No. 472 Church of the Holy Rosary. 

Cor. Mary St. Courtenay Public School. 

No. 342 Second (Flinn's) Presbyterian Church. 

No. 328 Citadel Square Baptist Church. 

West Side, Marion Square, on same Hampton 

Monument. 

No. 287 Arion Hall. 

No. 273 Westminster Presbyterian Church. 

No. 267 Charleston American office. 

East Side, No. 260 Fire Department, Central Station. 

No. 260 First Artesian Wells. 
Charleston Hotel. 



TOUR No. 3. FROM CHARLESTON HOTEL 

BY AUTOMOBILE, TWO HOURS 

Historic places only. 



Meeting Southward- 



East Side, 


Market 




No. 136 




No. 134 


West Side, 


No. 131 




No. 103 




No. 87 


East Side, 


Chalmers 



Confederate Relic Room, U. D. C. 

Circular Presbyterian Church. 

Evening Post Building. Site of Hall 
where Secession Ordinance was 
signed. 

Gibbes Memorial Art Building. 

Hibernian Hall. 

County Court House. Site of Capi- 
tal of the Colony of South Carolina. 

Fire-Proof Building. County Records. 

Washington Park. Therein Pitt 
Statue; Beauregard, Washington 
Light Infantry and Timrod Monu- 
ments. 

City Hall. 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON 



C. 



13 





No, 




No. 


West Side, 






No. 




No. 




No. 


East Side, 


No. 


West Side, 


No. 



No. 



78- - SK« Michael's Church. 

72 ^South. Carolina Society Hall. 

Post Office and Park, i 
59 Old Branford or Horry House, built 

between 1751-1767. 
53 First (Scotch) Presbyterian Church. 
35 Old Bull House, built before 1755. 
Residence of Lord Wm. Campbell, 
last Royal Governor of Colony, 
built about 1760. 
Old home of John Edwards, who 
offered his entire fortune to Revo- 
lutionary cause, built 1770. 
Charleston Club. Built about 1800. 



34 



15 



Battery west to King- 



King Northward- 
West Side, No. 



27 Pririgle House. Headquarters, British 
1780-82. Federal Troops, 1865. 



King Northward to Lamboll to Legare Northward— 

East Side, No. 68 Convent of Our Lady of Mercy and 

Academy thereof. 
West Side No. 67 Crafts School. 



Queen Eastward- 
South Side, 
Cor. Church 

North Side, 



No. 105 Cathedral Parish School. 

Huguenot, French Protestant, Church, 

only one in the United States. 
St. Philip's Church Home. 
St. Philip's Church visible, but not 

directly passed. 



East Bay Southward- 
East Side, 



Old Post Office or Exchange. 



Broad Westward- 
South Side, 



North Side, No. 



South Side, 
North Side, 



No. 3 Where Confederate Money and Bonds 

were printed. 
14 Broken cornice where first shot from 

Federal Swamp Angel Battery 

struck, August 22, 1863. 
No. 18 Peoples Office Building. 
No. 19 News and Courier Office. 
No. 50 Chamber of Commerce. 



14 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON 



No. 60 



South Side, 

Meeting Northward — 
East Side, 

Chalmers Eastward — 

Church Northward — 

East Side, No. 136 
No. 142 
No. 144 
West Side, 

Cumberland Westward — 

No. 23 



No. 25 



Cor. Meeting, 



Meeting Northward — 

East Side, No. 198 

West Side, No. 237 

East Side, No. 260 



West Side, 



No, 267 
No. 273 
No. 287 



Calhoun Westward — 
North Side, 



South Side, 

North Side, 

South Side, 

North Side, 

South Side, 



No. 143 

No. 160 

No. 176 

cor Pitt 

No. 222 

No. 258 

No. 261 



Confederate College and Home. 

Washington Park. 

City Hall. 

Post Office and U. S. Court House. 



Fire-Proof Building. County Records. 



Huguenot, French Protestant, Church. 
St. Philip's Church Home. 
St. Philip's Church. 
St. Philip's Churchyard, containing 
Tomb of Hon. John C. Calhoun. 

Old Pre-Revolutionary Powder Maga- 
zine. 

Trott House, first brick house built 
in the city, previous to 1719. 

Site of Cartaret Bastion, first defences 
of city. 

Charleston Hotel. 

Argyle Hotel. 

First Artesian Wells. 

Fire Department, Central Station. 

Charleston American office. 

Westminster Presbyterian Church. 

Arion Hall. 



Marion Square. 

Citadel. 

Calhoun Monument. 

Revolutionary Horn Work. Defences 

of 1780. 
Columbus Hall 
Charleston Orphan House. 
First Church of Christ. 
Bethel M. E. Church and Sunday 

School. 
Old Bethel A. M. E. Church. 
St. Francis Xavier Infirmary. 
Franke Lutheran Home. 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. 



15 



Lucas Northward — 
West Side, No. 
East Side, No. 

Mill Eastward — , 



9 Roper Hospital. 
16 Medical College of South Carolina. 



Ashley Avenue Northward — 

West Side, No. 199 Porter Military Academy. 
East Side, No. 218 Church of Holy Communion. 
West Side, No. 229 Episcopal Church Home. 



Spring Eastward — 
North Side, No. 



68 Spring St. M. E. Church. 



St. Philip Southward — 

West Side, No. 145 Beth Israel Synagogue 

East Side, No. 132 St. Patrick's Church. 

West Side, 

Cor. Vanderhorst Central Police Station. 

East Side, No. 68 Brith Shalom Synagogue. 

West Side, Charleston College. 

No. 35 Bennett School. 

No. 7 Memminger School. 



St. John's Lutheran Church. 
Unitarian Church. 

Alva Gage Public Library and Peo- 
ples Forum. 



rles Southward — 




East Side, No. 


10 


No. 


6 


No. 


4 



Queen Eastward — 



King Northward — 

East Side, No. 164 Charleston Library, third Library 

established in this country. 
Market Eastward to Meeting, thence Northward to Charleston 
Hotel. 



TOUR No. 4. FROM CLYDE LINE STEAMSHIP 
WHARVES 

AUTOMOBILE, ONE HOUR 

To East Bay, thence Northward to Cumberland, west on Cum- 
berland to Meeting, and continue on Tour No. 1. 



16 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

TOUR No. 5. FROM CLYDE LINE STEAMSHIP 
WHARVES 

AUTOMOBILE, TWO HOURS 

Right up to Charleston Hotel, and then follow Tour No. 2 or 
3 as desired. 



TOUR No. 6. TO ST. JAMES' GOOSE CREEK CHURCH 

Leave city, and run up by automobile to Otranto, St. James' 
Goose Creek Church and return by "The Oaks." 



TOUR No. 7. TO MAGNOLIA GARDENS 

BY AUTOMOBILE 

Cross Ashley River on "New Bridge," west end of Spring St., 
passing Ashley Hall, site of old Charles Town, St. Andrew's 
Church, to the Magnolia Gardens and return same route. 



TOUR No. 8. TO ISLE OF PALMS 

BY CHARLESTON-ISLE OF PALMS TRACTION CO., 
BOAT AND CARS 

Take ferry at east end of Cumberland Street; take cars at Mt. 
Pleasant, pass through Mt. Pleasant, crossing to Sullivan's Island, 
by Ft. Moultrie, Osceola's Grave, Army Barracks, Atlanticville, 
over the Inlet to the Isle of Palms and arrive at Station on the 
Atlantic Ocean. Return by same route. 



TOUR No. 9. TO SUMMERVILLE 

ALL DAY BY AUTOMOBILE 

Cross the Ashley River at the New Bridge, and go up the west 
bank of the river, passing Ashley Hall, site of Old Charles Town, 
St. Andrew's Church, Magnolia Gardens, Runnymede, Middleton 
Place, crossing back to east side by Bacon's Bridge, visit old 
Dorchester Fort, site of old Town of Dorchester, Ruins of St. 



Middleton Place Gardens 



On the banks of the Ashley River is Middleton Place, the one- 
time home of Arthur Middleton, a signer of the Declaration of 
Independence. Arthur Middleton, of the Oaks, for his son Arthur, 
who secured the land from his wife and is supposed to have been 
laid out as a whole, by two English landscape gardeners, who were 
brought over from England for that purpose, completed as it is now 
about 1740. 

Though the house was burned during the last war, the Gardens, 
Terraces and Hedges remain substantially as they were since first 
built. 

This remarkable place is still widely known, and in proper season 
rows of Azaleas, Japonicas, with all other Southern plants and trees, 
are the delight of its many visitors. The first Japonicas, Carnations 
ever brought to this country were planted in Middleton Place Garden 
in (1805?) and one of the original plants is still alive. 

This most beautiful and historic Garden dates back to 1740. 



Middleton Place Garden Open to Visitors 



Page 16 



3?ltc U^urs anil Courier 

A Newspaper for the 
Home as Well as the 
Business Man :: :: 

READ IT FOR PROFIT 
USE IT FOR RESULTS 

Full Leased Wire Associated Press Service 

MEMBERS OF AUDIT BUREAU OF CIRCULATION 



1 Yr. 6 Mos. 3 Mos. 1 Mo. 

Daily and Sunday $8.00 $4.00 $2.00 75c 

Daily without Sunday 6.00 3.00 1.50 50c 

The Sunday News 2.00 1.00 .50 



Desirable Residences for Rent or Sale* Restoring Old 
Houses a Specialty 



Susan Pringle Frost 

Agent for High-Class City Property 

Personal Supervision of Repairs 

or Remodeling for Owners 



9 Broad Street CHARLESTON, S* C 

Page 17 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C, 



17 



George's Church, Dorchester, Old White Meeting House, and 
thence by Pinehurst and enter Summerville. Return by main 
road, passing Otranto, St. James' Goose Creek Church, The 
Oaks, U. S. Terminal Station, North Charleston and to the city. 



TOUR No. 10. TO BATTLEFIELD OF SECESSIONVILLE 
AND TO FORT JOHNSON 

BY AUTOMOBILE NOT OVER THREE HOURS 

Crossing -Ashley River from west end of Spring Street, and 
Wappoo Creek, on bridges, James' Island is reached, and then go 
south to Secessionville, and on return, visit Fort Johnson, and 
thence back to City. 



TOUR No. 11. FROM CHARLESTON HOTEL 

WALKING, TWO HOURS 



Meeting Southward — 

East Side, Market 

Cumberland Eastward — 
South Side, No. 25 



No. 23 



Church Southward — 
East Side, No. 
West Side, 



144 



East Side, 



No. 142 
No. 136 



Broad Eastward — 

North Side, No. 18 
No. 14 



East Bay- 
East Side, opp. Broad 

Broad Westward — ■ 

South Side, No. 3 



Confederate Relic Room, U. D. C. 

Old Trott House, first brick house 

built in the city. 
Old Pre-Revolutionary Powder Maga- 



St. Philip's Church. 

St. Philip's Churchyard, containing 

Tomb of Hon. John C. Calhoun. 
St. Philip's Church Home. 
Huguenot, French Protestant, Church. 

Only one in the United States. 

Peoples Office Building. 

Broken cornice of building where first 
shot from Federal Swamp Angel 
Battery struck, August 22, 1863. 

Old Post Office or Exchange. 

Where Confederate Money and Bonds 

were printed. 



IS 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON 



C. 





No. 


19 


North Side, 


No. 


50 




No. 


60 



Cor. Meeting, 


N. E. 




S.W. 




S.E. 




N.W. 


North Side, 


No. 88 




No. 92] 




No. 94 \ 




No. 100J 




No. 110 




No. 118 




No. 122 


Legare Northward — 


East Side, 


No. 68 



West Side, 



No. 



Queen Eastward — 
South Side, No. 

Charles Northward — 
East Side, No. 

No. 

No. 

St. Philip Northward- 
West Side, No. 

Wentworth Eastward — 
At King, 
South Side, No. 
North Side, No. 

No. 

No. 



News and Courier office. 

Chamber of Commerce. 

Confederate College and Home. 

Washington Park. Therein Pitt 
Statue; Washington Light Infantry, 
Beauregard and Timrod Monu- 
ments. 

City Hall. 

Post Office and U. S. Court House. 

St. Michael's Church. 

County Court House. Site of Capi- 
tal of Colony. 

Hebrew Orphan Asylum Building. 

Colonial Buildings. 

Old Izard House, built before 1757. 
Site of St. Andrew's Hall, where Se- 
cession Ordinance was adopted. 
Cathedral of St. John the Baptist. 



Convent of Our Lady of Mercy and 
Academy thereof. 
67 Crafts Public School. 



105 Cathedral Parish School. 

4 Alva Gage Public Library and Peo- 
ples Forum. 

6 Unitarian Church, built before Revo- 
lution. 

10 St. John's Lutheran Church. 

7 Memminger School. 

Masonic Temple. 
61 Artillery Hall. 
66 Fusiliers' Armory. 
58 Centenary A. M. E. Church. 
54 Elks' Home. 



Meeting Southward to Charleston Hotel. 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON 



19 



TOUR No. 12. FROM CLYDE LINE STEAMSHIP 
WHARVES 

WALKING, ONE HOUR 



Westwardly to East Bay Street. 

East Bay Southward — 

East Side, opp. Broad Old Post Office or Exchange. 



Broad Westward — 
South Side, No. 



North Side, No. 14 



South 
North 


Side, 
Side, 


No. 18 
No. 19 
No. 50 
No. 60 


Cor. Meeting, 


N. E. 
N.W. 






S. E. 
S.W. 


Meeting Northward — 
East Side, 



West Side, 


No. 103 




No. 113 




No. 131 


East Side, 


No. 134 




No. 136 


Cor. 


Cumberland 



Cumberland Eastward — 
South Side, No. 25 



Where Confederate Money and Bonds 
were printed. 

Broken cornice of building where first 
shot from Federal Swamp Angel 
Battery struck, August 22, 1863. 

Peoples Office Building. 

News and Courier office. 

Chamber of Commerce. 

Confederate College and Home. 

Washington Park. 

City Hall. 

County Court House. Site of Capi- 
tal of the Colony. 

St. Michael's Church. 

Post Office and U. S. Court House. 



Washington Park. Therein Pitt 
Statue; Washington Light Infantry, 
Beauregard and Timrod Monu- 
ments. 

Fire-Proof Building. County Records. 

Hibernian Hall. 

St. John's Hotel. 

Gibbes Memorial Art Building. 

Evening Post Building. Site of Hall 
where Secession Ordinance was 
signed. 

Circular Presbyterian Church. 

Site of Cartaret Bastion of first de- 
fences of the city. 

Old Trott House. First brick house 
built in the city. 



20 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON 



No. 23 Old Pre-Revolutionary Powder Maga- 
zine. 

On reaching East Bay, turn Southwardly to Queen Street, and 
at the east end thereof are the Clyde Line Wharves. 



TOUR No. 13. FROM CLYDE LINE STEAMSHIP 
WHARVES 

WALKING, TWO HOURS 



From the wharves go up to East Bay, and turn Southwards. 



East Bay opp. Broad — 

Broad Westward — 

South Side, No. 3 

North Side, No. 14 



No. 18 

South Side, No. 19 

North Side, No. 50 

No. 60 



Cor. Meeting, N. E. 

N.W. 

S.E. 
S.W. 
Meeting Southward — 

East Side, No. 72 
West Side, No. 59 

No. 53 

No. 35 

East Side, No. 34 



Old Post Office or Exchange. 

Where Confederate Money and Bonds 
were printed. 

Broken cornice of building, where first 
shot from Federal Swamp Angel 
Battery struck, August 22, 1863. 

Peoples Office Building. 

News and Courier office. 

Chamber of Commerce. 

Confederate College and Home. 

Washington Park. Therein Pitt 
Statue; Washington Light Infantry, 
Beauregard and Timrod Monu- 
ments. 

City Hall. 

County Court House. Site of Capi- 
tal of Colony. 

St. 'Michael's Church. 

Post Office and U. S. Court House. 

Hall of South Carolina Society. 
Old Branford or Horry House, built 

between 1751-1767. 
First (Scotch) Presbyterian Church. 
Old Bull House, built before 1755. 
Residence of Lord Wm. Campbell, 

last Royal Governor of the Colony. 

Built about 1760. 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON 



21 



West Side, No. 15 Old home of John Edwards, who 

offered his entire fortune to Revo- 
lutionary cause. Built 1770. 
7 Charleston Club, built about 1800. 



No. 

South Battery Eastward — 
South Side, 
North Side, No. 6 

No. 4 



White Point Garden. 

Home of Col. Wm. Washington, built 

about 1768. 
Villa Margherita. 



Church Northward — 



West Side, 



East Side. 



West Side, 



No. 61 First Baptist Church. 

No. 69 Old Motte House, built in 1745. 

No. 71 Old Brewton House. First house 

built with gable end to street, built 

1733. 
No. 87 Judge Heyward's House, where Geo. 

Washington was entertained. 
No. 136 Huguenot, French Protestant, Church, 

only one in the United States. 
No. 142 St. Philip's Church Home. 
No. 144 St. Philip's Church. 

St. Philip's Churchyard, containing 

Tomb of Hon. John C. Calhoun. 



Cumberland Westward — 

South Side, No. 23 Old Pre-Revolutionary Powder Maga- 
: zine. 
No. 25 Old Trott House, first brick house 
built in city. 
Cor. Meeting Site of Cartaret Bastion of first de- 
fences of the city. 
Meeting Southward — 

East Side, No. 136 Circular Presbyterian Church. 

No. 134 Evening Post Building. Site of Hall 
where Ordinance of Secession was 
signed. 
West Side, No. 131 Gibbes' Memorial Art Building. 

Eastward on Queen Street down to Clyde Line Wharves. 



Points of Interest 



THE BATTERY 

At the southeast point of the City, at the confluence of the 
Ashley and Cooper Rivers," at the south ends of East Bay, Church, 
Meeting and King Street is located "The Battery," which general term 
embraces the splendid seawall 1,500 feet long, extending in front of 
what is called East Battery, and the seven acres of ground and 
promenades between this seawall on the east, the prolongation of King 
Street on the west, South Battery Street on the north and Ashley 
River on the South. 

No more beautiful drive and promenade can be found in the country 
than here; White Point Garden, a park intersected by walks and 
shaded by live-oak trees, is a most delightful resting and lounging 
place, while the broad explanade of the East Battery affords a mag- 
nificent view of the harbor, looking straight out to the ocean with 
Fort Sumter in the middle-distance, the shores of James Island to 
the right, on which stands Colonial and Revolutionary Fort Johnson — 
the houses of Moultrieville and Mount Pleasant just showing on the 
left, and nearer still Castle Pinckney standing out from its little marsh 
island in the Cooper River, Schultze's Folly, and through the opening 
between Fort Sumter and Sullivan's Island, the broad Atlantic. 
Charleston is the only city on the Atlantic coast of the United States 
from which can actually be seen the ocean. A harbor deep enough 
and large enough to float the entire fleet of armed vessels of our 
country and with a deep channel leading out to the ocean. 

At the entrance of the park opposite Meeting Street is a drinking 
fountain of granite and bronze, in appropriate design, erected in 1899 
by the "Daughters of the Confederacy" of Charleston as a memorial 
to those men who lost their lives in the first submarine war boat ever 
operated against an enemy. In the middle walk opposite Church 
Street stands the "Jasper Monument," erected by the Palmetto Guard, 
of Charleston, and unveiled June 28, 1876, the centennial of the battle 
of Fort Moultrie; on the site of Colonial "Broughton's Battery" 
(shown on the early maps of the city), and a short way to the west 
of this is a bronze bust of William Gilmore Simms, by J. Q. A. Ward, 
of heroic size and mounted on a pedestal of native granite designed 
by Col. E. B. White. At the intersection of South and East Battery, 
there stood, erected in the early Colonial period, Fort Wilkins, and 



24 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

during the Confederate War, where the historic guns used by the 
Confederates during the siege of Charleston, 1862-5, are now placed, 
Confederate Battery Ramsey. 

With all its beauty of scenery and the historic associations attached 
to each point upon which the eye rests, it is not strange that "The 
Battery" is the favorite and constant resort of Charlestonians and 
that they speak of it with pride and devotion. 

A project was commenced in 1917, and is very near completion, to 
extend the west seawall outwards and along the same, a continuation 
of the East Battery promenade by the side of the Ashley River front 
and a handsome driveway, all meeting with the Boulevard Driveway. 
This will give a most charming driveway along the harbor frontage, 
from East Bay to the west end of Tradd Street It is further pro- 
posed to extend the same to Spring Street, giving the City a most 
beautiful water front. 



EAST BAY 

Starting from the Battery. 



EAST SIDE. 



Nos. 50-54, Carolina Yacht Club. 

Organized 1883, Incorporated in 1888. As its name implies, this 
club was organized for: "Yachting, bathing, social, literary and 
aquatic purposes." During its career it has held many regattas 
in its home waters and has had entries in similar events in Beaufort, 
Rockville, S. C, and Savannah, Ga. 

The Carolina Yacht Club holds the Inter-State Challenge Cup, 
the joint property of Carolina Yacht Club and Savannah Yacht 
Club, having won it last in 1900, when the yacht "Marvis" defeated 
the "Dragoon." 

The Carolina Yacht Club has always taken a prominent place 
in the yachting and social life of Charleston, and to some extent 
has assisted in the public affairs of the city. 

The club has always numbered among its members many of the 
most prominent citizens of Charleston, as well as many of the 
officers of the Army and Navy. 
Opposite Broad Street— The Old Postoffice. V. 

On this site, in 1680, the old Court of Guards, was laid out on 
the original plan of the City. In 1761 by an Act of the Assembly 
there was erected on this site the present building, to be used 
as an Exchange. Its cost was £44,016, 16s, 8d. The material was 
mostly brought from England. It originally faced the water, 



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Page 24 



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Page 25 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 25 

eastward. It is built of brick, and light brown stone. The pillars 
and facings are artistic and very ornamental. The daubing on of 
paint in recent years has hid all that and spoiled the beauty of 
the building. The roof is hideous, and merely a covering put 
on after some cyclonic injury. Originally it was shapely and 
had a very fine stone balustrade on the eaves, and later was added 
a portico from the center of the roof. The work was completed 
in 1771, and the building used as an Exchange for the merchants 
of the city and for a Custom House. 

During the occupation of Charleston by the British, 1780-82, it 
was taken for the "Provost" of the commandant and the cellars 
were used as a prison for the citizens arrested by the military 
authorities. In one of these cellars Col. Isaac Hayne was con- 
fined and thence led to execution. 

General Washington appeared before the citizens of Charleston 
on the steps of this building on his visit to the City in 1791, 
and the grand concert and ball given in his honor were held here. 

The building was sold to the United States Government in 
1818, for a postoffice and was so used until the completion of the 
new Government building. It is still used for Government offices, 
but the building has been, by Act of Congress, given to the 
Daughters of the Revolution, who, when possession is obtained, 
propose preserving it as a memorial of an honored and historic 
past. 

Pass Six Streets — 

Vendue Range — Leads to Clyde Steamship Docks. 

South Central Wharf — Leads to Mt. Pleasant, Sullivan's Island 
and the Isle of Palms Ferry. 

No. 200, Custom House. V. 

It is situated just south of the Market Wharf, on Cooper Rrver ; 
the site, which was formerly known as Fitzsimmons' wharf, was 
purchased by the United States Government in 1849, and in 1850 
Col. E. B. White received the appointment as Superintendent, 
and the work was commenced and continued until the War of 
Secession arrested its progress. It is on a grand scale; the 
foundation consists of seven thousand thirty-feet piles, on which 
rests a heavy layer of grillage, then follows a thickness of eighteen 
inches of concrete, on which stand a number of inverted arches, 
built of brick, and about ten feet in height; the superstructure 
rises from these. These details will serve to give some idea of 
the magnitude of the work. The building is of white marble, 



26 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON,, S. C. 

the style of architecture the Roman-Corinthian. Considerable 
changes have been made in the original plans, and the building 
has been completed for occupation on a very different scale from 
that first intended, but it is nevertheless a grand structure, very 
elegantly finished. 

It is occupied as a U. S. Custom House, and offices for the 
U. S. Public Health and Marine Service, Internal Revenue. Light 
House Inspector, Immigration Bureau, Weather Bureau, Steam- 
boat Inspectors and Engineers Corps. 

Between it and the harbor front are the Custom House Wharves. 
Xos 238-264, Charleston Compress & Wharf Co. 

Hasell Street Intersects — 

Between Hasell and Laurens, Seaboard Air Line Freight Depots, 
etc. 

Laurens Street Intersects — 

WEST SIDE. 

X~o. 70, Site of Birthplace, first child born in the Colony. 

At the southwest corner of Tradd Street is the site of the old 
"'Tradd'' House, in which the stork deposited the first baby for 
the Colony of Carolina. History does not tell if it afterward 
proved an event of any importance. As the name has died out 
and there is no historical reference to the said baby, it is fair 
to assume that it never became a shining light in the colony. 

Elliott Street Commences — 

Broad Street Commences — 

Xo. 139, First Xational Bank. 

X"o. 143, Charleston and Western Railway Freight Office. 

X'o. 145, Western Union Telegraph Office. 

X"o. 151, Postal Telegraph and Cable Office. 

Queen Street Commences— 

Cumberland Street — Site of the Craven Bastion. 

At the intersection of Cumberland Street stood the Craven 
Bastion of the walls of the original City, and was the extreme 
northern boundary of the first settlement 

Market Street Intersects— 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 27 

No. 229, The Harriott Pinckney Home for Seamen. V. 

The Harriott Pinckney Home for Seamen is the fruit of the 
tender thought of Miss Pinckney, the daughter of Gen. C. C. 
Pinckney, for the spiritual welfare of the many sailors who come 
to Charleston. 

In her will she left a number of houses to the care of a Board 
of Trustees, to be the nucleus of a fund with which to build "The 
Church of the Redeemer" which was to be a "free Church for 
seamen." This fund grew under the nursing care of her nephews 
and the other trustees so well that in 1916, they decided to carry 
out the object of the bequest and build the Church. The Charles- 
ton Port Society added its funds for the support of the Rector 
of the Church who would also be the Chaplain of the Harriott 
Pinckney Home for Seamen which was built also out of. the 
Church of the Redeemer fund. 

The Home and Church form a beautiful group of buildings 
on the corner of Market and East Bay Streets, and the Church 
and Home are doing their full duty for the seamen who frequent 
the water front of Charleston. 

Its management is directed by a "Joint Committee of The 
Charleston Port Society and The Church of The Redeemer 
Trustees." 

Guignard Street Commences — 



CHURCH STREET 

Starting from the Battery 
EAST SIDE. 

Sixth Cross Street is Queen — 

At the Corner thereof, Nos. 136-140, The Huguenot Church. V. 

The only Huguenot Church in America! That is, the only 
one which has and does adhere to the exact form of Huguenot 
worship, and using the original liturgy of the French Protestant 
Church. The services were conducted for upwards of one hun- 
dred and fifty years in the French language. Besides this the 
congregation is one of the oldest in Charleston and has had a 
church on the same site for more years than any other. There 
was, for the time, a considerable immigration of Huguenots ar- 
riving in the years 1685-1686. They certainly had a church on 
the same site as the present one in 1692. This is believed to have 
been burned in 1740; a second one was likewise destroyed in 1796; 



28 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

this was rebuilt in 1797; and about 1845 this was remodeled and 
enlarged as it stands today. It is in correct Gothic style, well 
finished on its interior walls, and has many marble tablets, mem- 
orial to its founders and their descendants. 

Queen Street Intersects — 

No. 142, St. Philip's Church Home. 

A home for the old and afflicted of the congregation, supported 
by St. Philip's Church and replete with good influences. 
Nos. 144-146, St. Philip's Church. V. 

The congregation of this church is the earliest Church of 
England in the Colony of Carolina, and the first south of Virginia, 
and also the first Protestant foundation in America, south of Vir- 
ginia. The first site of its church building was where St. 
Michael's now stands, of wood, which was built in 1681-2. In 
March, 1710-11, an Act of the Assembly was passed for the 
building of a new church, which was placed on the present site 
in Church Street. It was opened for Divine service in 1723. 
It was very elegant and imposing and its interior was decorated 
with memorial tablets to its deceased members. It was acknowl- 
edged to be the finest church edifice in America, so much so that 
the London "Gentleman's Magazine & Historical Chronicle" gave 
in 1753 a long description and presented a steel engraving thereof. 
The building was most unfortunately burned February 15, 1835. 
The loss was quickly repaired, however, by the laying of the 
corner-stone of the present building on November 12, and service 
being held therein May 3, 1838. 

There was a chime of bells, which were cast into cannon during 
the War of Secession, and as everybody now has a watch the 
necessity of bells to call to worship no longer exists, so they have 
never been replaced. It is very "low" church in its services, 
and was perhaps one of the last, and certainly the last in the 
city to substitute an altar for the old-time communion table. 

On its interior walls are many beautiful historic memorial tablets. 

The cemetery bounds the church on the east side of the street, 
and larger in area, extends to the west side of the street, opposite 
the Church. In these two lie the remains of the most distinguished 
men of the early days of the colony and since, and in the center 
of the western cemetery stands the sarcophagus of South Carolina's 
greatest statesman, John C. Calhoun. In the east cemetery, just 
south of the Church is the tomb of Gov. Edward Rutledge, one 
of the "signers." 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 29 

Cumberland Street Intersects — 
WEST SIDE. 

Atlantic Street Intersects — 
Water Street Intersects — 

Nos. 61-65, First Baptist Church. V. 

The congregation of this church was the first Baptist organiza- 
tion in the South. Part of them came from New England, with 
the Rev. Wm. Screven, who was their first pastor, and part from 
England. It was formed in 1683 and for some years worshipped 
in the home of Wm. Chapman. Lady Blake and her mother, 
Lady Axtell, both Baptists, arriving in the town, joined the church 
and as they were of the official class, added much to its strength. 
In 1699, William Elliott, a member, gave the present site and on 
it was erected a wooden building. This was replaced by the 
present building certainly before 1826, for in that year in his 
"Statistics," Mills says it exhibited "the best specimen of correct 
taste in architecture of the modern (?) buildings in the city." 
It was unfortunate for the congregation that the withdrawal 
of many of its influential members to form the Citadel Square 
Baptist Church, weakened its efficiency, but it must be a pride 
to the members to feel that their child has grown into one of the 
most prosperous and influential churches in the city. In its 
cemetery are the ashes of many of the earlier and more distin- 
guished citizens of our commonwealth. 

No. 69, Old Motte Home. 

This building, known then as "a double house," was erected 
in 1745. During the War of Secession, several Union shells struck 
it and some rooms were badly shattered. 

No. 71, Old Brewton House. 

This old residence was built prior to 1733 for Robert Brewton, 
whose descendants have been illustrious in the history of the 
State. It is remarkable chiefly as the leader in the fashion which 
characterizes old Charleston architecture; and it "is the earliest 
example standing in Charleston of what used to be called then 
the 'single house' where such houses stand sidewaies backward 
into their yards and onely endwaies with their gables towards 
the street." 

No. 73, Meeting Place of Provincial Council. 

It is said that this building, in the earlier days of our city, 
was used as a meeting place for the Council of the Province. Then, 



30 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

this ruling body was not surrounded, as now, by hundreds of 
members and of lobbyists, this small building being ample for their 
accommodation. 

Tradd Street Intersects — 

No. 87, Washington's Domicile on his Visit. 

This house was the residence of President Washington when he 
visited the town in May, 1791. It was rented from Mr. Thos. 
Heyward and a household equipment was organized for his com- 
fort. The President had journeyed by land and arrived May 
2 at Mount Pleasant. A distinguished deputation consisting of 
Hon. Jno. B. Holmes, Recorder, in his official robes. Genl. C. C. 
Pinckney and Edward Rutledge, crossed the river and brought 
him on to the city in a barge rowed by twelve American captains 
of vessels then in port. A flotilla of boats of all sizes and k'nds, 
filled with ladies and gentlemen and two bands of music, attended 
him over. 

He was paid every possible social and official attention, one of 
the handsomest being a concert and ball at the Exchange (foot of 
Broad Street). 

City Council requested the privilege of permitting his portrait 
to be painted, which he granted, and it still ornaments the Council 
Chamber of the City Hall. 

Broad Street Intersects — 



MEETING STREET 

Commencing at the Battery and running North. 

EAST SIDE. 

Atlantic Street Ends — 

No. 34, Lord Wm. Campbell's Residence. 

This old home, probably built about 1760, was owned by Mrs. 
Blake, just prior to the Revolution. Lord Wm. Campbell had in 
1763 married her first cousin, Miss Sarah Izard, and occupied the 
house in 1775. He was the last Royal Governor of the Province, 
and when the tide of patriotic fever swept away his prerogatives 
and endangered his personal safety, he escaped through his garden, 
which touched on Vanderhorst's Creek (now Water Street) to a 
convenient boat, and took refuge aboard H. M. S. Tamar, then 
lying in the harbOr. 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 31 

After the Revolution, in 1795, the house was bought by Col. 
Lewis Morris, a Revolutionary Officer. 

Two similar accidents occurred on the front steps of this house. 
Col. Francis K. Huger, noted for his attempt to liberate his 
friend Lafayette from Olmutz, was ascending the steps, when a part 
of a bull's eye in the roof fell and fractured his skull, but he was 
saved from permanent injury. Then during the earthquake of 
1886 a piece of the parapet fell from the roof, crushing a young 
Englishman, who was descending the steps. 

Water Street Ends— 

Tradd Street Intersects— 

No. 72, South Carolina Society's Hall. V. 

This is the home of one of the oldest benevolent societies in 
this country. This Society was commenced in 1737 by a few 
French Protestants for charitable purposes, and was known for 
some time as the Two-Bit Club, the sum of four half pence con- 
tributed by each member at each meeting for the relief of the 
poor. It was incorporated in 1751 and increased so rapidly that 
in 1770 it had 360 members and a capital of £7,500 sterling. It 
received many donations from members. For years it did a most 
effective work in aiding the needy families of deceased members 
and educating their children. For many years it maintained, in 
advance of the State, a free school. 

For this school and for a meeting place, it built the fine building, 
now its home. In the second story is a fine hall, on the walls of 
which are marble tablets, with the names of the various donors 
to the Society. The front porch, extending out over the street 
gives a most imposing appearance to the building. 

St. Michael's Place Ends- 
No. 78, St. Michael's Church. V. 

When the town was laid out a lot was assigned to the English 
Church and on it was built in 1681 a wooden building for the 
congregation of St. Philip's Church, and occupied by the con- 
gregation until their church was ready in 1723. In 1751 the town 
was divided into two parishes, St. Philip's and St. Michael's. In 
• 1752 the corner-stone of the present St. Michael's was laid on 
its present site, and it is said a successor of Sir Christopher Wren, 
the distinguished London architect, made the plans, carrying out 
some of the designs of Wren, most notably St. Martin's-in-the- 
Field. It is built of brick, which were brought from England. 



.i2 guide to Charleston, s. c. 

The Church was opened February 1, 1761, the bells and clock 
brought from England in 1764 and the organ in 1768. These 
bells have crossed the Atlantic five times. First, the original 
voyage; second, when the British evacuated the city in 1782, 
they were stolen and carried to England; third, having been pur- 
chased by a Mr. Rhyner, formerly a merchant of Charleston, they 
were returned ; fourth, during the War of Secession they were 
removed to Columbia, and there seriously injured when Sherman 
burned that city in 1865, which caused another voyage for re- 
casting; and fifth, when they were reshipped to the city. It is 
related that the last time they were cast by the successors of the 
firm which originally made them and in the original moulds which 
produced the same tones as the first casting. 

In the Church are the same antique high-back, square pews 
as at first, and the pulpit has the same sounding board above it. 
The only change has been the beautifying of the chancel and sev- 
eral Tiffany stained glass memorial windows. 

The cemetery bounds the Church on the south and east, and 
is well kept. In the northeast corner of the churchyard is the 
Parish House. 

In a limited space it is impossible to give the many interesting 
historical details of this Church, but a valued booklet giving the 
same has been prepared and can be had of the Sexton. 

Broad Street Intersects — 

Washington Park. V. 

This beautiful park, clothed in grass and shaded by majestic 
oaks, bounding the City Hall on the east and north is at one 
of the most historic spots in the city. It is fenced around with 
hand-made iron railings, with artistic wrought iron doors on Broad, 
Meeting and Chalmers Streets. In its center is the granite shaft 
memorial to the three companies of the Washington Light In- 
fantry who gave valorous service to the Confederacy on the bloody 
fields of Virginia and in defence of the city. 

To the south thereof stands a monumental bust to Carolina's 
famed poet, Timrod; to the east, a monument to Gen. P. G. T. 
Beauregard, who commanded Charleston for a long time during 
the War of Secession and kept her soil sacred from the invader. 
Until very recently, when New Orleans honored its gallant son, 
this was the only monument in the South, to one of its most 
heroic generals. 

To the west is the Pitt Statue, colonial in date, and with a most 
interesting history. Its erection was first ordered by the Com- 



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GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 33 

mons House of Assembly, May 3, 1766, in gratitude for his noble 
efforts in defence of the rights of the colony, in the repeal of 
the odious Stamp Act. It was sculptured by Mr. Wilton in 
England and landed in Charleston May 31, 1770. It was erected 
at the intersection of Broad and Meeting Streets. During the 
Revolution a shot from a British gun on James' Island, struck 
off the right arm, which was extended as in the act of speaking. 
After the war it was found to interfere with traffic, so it was 
removed to the Orphan House grounds, where it stood until 1881, 
when at the request of the Carolina Art Association, it was erected 
on its present site, and the tablets, descriptive of its history placed 
on the sides of the pedestal. 

The Timrod monument graces the southern front of the Square. 
It was erected by his admirers, a memorial to Carolina's gifted 
poet. 

The Square is a breathing place for the people, and its benches 
are generally occupied and its beauty and restfulness fully enjoyed. 
Fire Proof Building. V. 

This building, erected about 1826, is used for the preservation 
of the County records and hence made fireproof. Until the in- 
vention of the safer electric lighting, no lights were ever allowed 
in the building. It is massive and imposing. It is also used 
for some of the County Officers, the Register of Mesne Convey- 
ance with his voluminous records, the Treasurer, the Auditor, the 
Probate Judge, School Commissioner and County Court. 

Chalmers Street Ends — 

Nos. 114-116, Fire Department — Chief's Headquarters. 
Fire alarm bell in yard. 

Queen Street Intersects — 

No. 134, Evening Post. V. 

On the site of the present building of the Evening Post, stood 
the splendid hall of the South Carolina Institute, an association 
which did a most valued work in promoting the industrial arts in 
the State. This hall was afterwards historically known as Seces- 
sion Hall, from the Secession Ordinance being signed therein, De- 
cember 20, 1861. The ordinance was passed at St. Andrews Hall, 
Broad Street, in the morning, but as all the people were desirous 
of witnessing the ceremony of signing, it was arranged to take 
place in the largest hall in the city. Then the hall was crowded 
to its utmost capacity, and when after all the signatures were 
affixed, President Jamison advanced to the front of the' rostrum 



34 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

and pronounced "South Carolina a free and independent sover- 
eignty," the enthusiasm reached its height and for a long time 
the hall was filled with continuous cheers. One could count on 
the fingers of his hand, all in the State who were opposed to the 
movement of such transcendent interest to its people. 

The present building is the home of one of the best and live- 
liest newspapers in the country. It was built especially for this 
purpose and is one of the very best and most convenient news- 
paper homes, and most admirably equipped in every respect. 
Nos. 136-150, Circular Church. V. 

On the earliest maps of the city is shown the site of the birth 
of Presbyterianism, the so-called "Independent Church." It was 
established by Congregationalist Presbyterians in 1682, soon after 
the founding of the city. The original meeting house, erected in 
1790, was a small wooden building, afterwards enlarged, painted 
white and was known as the "White Meeting House," and thus 
doubtless arose the name of the street, Meeting Street. The Cir- 
cular Church building, constructed in circular form, was erected 
in 1804, a massive and imposing building. This was destroyed 
by the fire of 1861, and for many years the congregation wor- 
shipped in a building erected on the lot. But more recently the 
present church was built, conforming in some degree to the old 
Circular Church plan. In its cemetery lie, sleeping their last sleep, 
many prominent in the history of the city. 

This congregation was so flourishing that it erected prior to the 
Revolution, the church building in Charles Street, now the Uni- 
tarian Church. 

Cumberland Street Ends — 

Corner, Cartaret Bastion. 

This is the site of the Cartaret Bastion which stood at the ex- 
treme northwest corner of the first walls of the city. 

Market Street Intersects — 

Confederate Museum. V. 

At the head of the market is the Market Hall, the second story 
being a fine large hall, occupied as a museum for Confederate 
relics, and maintained by the ladies of the Charleston Chapter, 
U. D. C. Many intensely interesting relics of the War of Seces- 
sion have been gathered and are all well arranged for exhibition. 
On the porch is a rifled cannon, which has a most interesting 
history. Capt. Plowden C. J. Weston supplied the funds and the 
gun was made by Archibald Cameron & Co., a large iron-working 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 35 

firm. They required the hardest iron which could be had. When 
the South Carolina Railroad, the first long railroad in the world, 
first started, the first locomotives had the rims of their wheels 
made of Swedish wrought iron, then the toughest known metal. 
When these locomotives became useless they were thrown into the 
scrap heap. The iron wheel rims were so tough that they were 
never used. So this was obtained, from which to make the 
cannon. The metal in that gun was in one of the first locomotives 
of the first long railroad built in the world, and made into the first 
rifled cannon made in America. It was in Columbia, when Sher- 
man burned that city and some of the Federal soldiers attempted 
to destroy the gun by filling up the muzzle and using a large 
charge. This only cracked the gun near the muzzle. During 
the riotous period, 1876-7, the Washington Artillery of this city 
had the cracked part cut off, the gun mounted, and the Company 
manned the gun, fortunately never having to fire it during the 
struggle of those days for white supremacy. 

The Museum is open to visitors at stated periods, and it is well 
worth examination. 

North Market Street Ends— 

Hayne Street Ends — 

Nos. 198-224, Charleston Hotel. V. 

Situated in the center of the wholesale business, and within 
one block of the retail section, this hotel offers every attraction 
to the visitor. It is efficiently managed, and every comfort and 
convenience is within reach of its guests. The building is one 
of the largest, handsomest and most conspicuous in the city and 
has had its doors open to the traveling public for many years. 

Southern Express Company has its office in the South end on 
Meeting Street. Union Ticket Office is situated at its Northern 
end. 

Pinckney Street Ends — 

Hasell Street Intersects — 

Wentworth Street Intersects — 

No. 260, Artesian Wells. 

As early as 1823, efforts were commenced to secure water for 
the city by boring artesian wells. The first one was bored on the 
lot of the Poor House in Mazyck Street, but did not prove a 
success. Several attempts were subsequently made, but all for 



36 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

shallow wells and with varying success. When the fact became 
known that Paris had a well 1,800 feet deep and furnishing 
900,000 gallons per day, and when the researches of Tuomey had 
developed a fuller knowledge of the various strata underlying 
the city, hopes arose and in 1845 the City Council commenced a 
well at the corner of Wentworth and Meeting Streets. When a 
depth of 1,260 feet was reached, water was found, which rose to 
a level of 24 feet, ten inches, but, as it was necessary, as the 
piping descended, to lessen its diameter, the flow in quantity was 
entirely inadequate. City Council then started another well with 
a larger diameter, but when 1,230 feet was reached the acci- 
dental loss of bucket and rods in the well, created an unsur- 
mountable obstruction, and the well was abandoned. 

In 1876 City Council again made another effort on the south- 
west corner of what is now Marion Square. This well was car- 
ried down a little below 1,900 feet, gave 360,000 gallons of water 
per day with a head of about 103 feet. Another well was then 
sunk on George Street and carried down to 2,000 feet, and then 
another east of Meeting Street above Shepard Street. But 
strange to say the flow from this well diminished the flow from 
the others and the maximum flow seemed to have been reached, 
which was inadequate to the necessities of the city. So the whole 
system proved a failure, though theoretically it should have been 
a success. 
Nos. 260-264, Fire Department — Central Station. 

George Street Intersects — 
Calhoun Street Intersects — 

Nos. 328-330, Citadel Square Baptist Church. V. 

The Citadel Square Baptist Church sprung from the old First 
Baptist. The idea of establishing it originated in 1854 with Messrs. 
B. C. Pressley and C. L. Burckmeyer, who, after consultation with 
Rev. J. P. Boyce, formerly of the First Church, but then of 
Columbia, made known their design, and were promptly joined 
by a number of friends. A subscription was opened and was 
liberally filled up, more than one-half of the amount necessary for 
the building being subscribed by the heirs of the estate of Mr. 
Kerr Boyce. A lot was procured at the corner of Meeting and 
Henrietta Streets, and work commenced on the building, which 
was rapidly completed, and was dedicated on the 23rd of No- 
vember, 1856. 

The members of the Wentworth Street Church soon after joined 
themselves to the congregation. 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

The style of the building is Norman. Its extreme dimensions 
are eighty feet on Meeting Street and one hundred and forty-five 
feet on Henrietta Street; the side walls are forty feet high, and 
the west or front wall seventy feet to the point of a gable. The 
interior will accommodate one thousand persons. The tower is 
located at the northwest corner of the main building. It is square, 
supported by buttresses at the angles. 

A Sunday School Room has been added. The organ is one 
of the best in the city and the music is always fine, the best talent 
of the city taking part in the choir. The congregation is pros- 
perous and very active in Christian work, having all the neces- 
sary adjuncts in Sunday School and societies to help. They have 
always managed to have pastors of great oratorical powers and 
the church is usually crowded at every service. 

Henrietta Street Ends — 

Charlotte Street Ends— 

Nos. 342-348, The Second Presbyterian Church. V. 

This church, commonly known as Flinn's Church, from the 
name of its first pastor, Rev. Dr. Flinn, was built in 1811, the 
number of Presbyterians in the city having increased so much 
as to require additional church room. It stands on the highest 
spot in the city, and forms a very conspicuous landmark. It is 
of the temple form, and with its lofty portico, produces a fine 
effect. Behind this portico rises a tower, intended as the founda- 
tion of a steeple. The steeple has never been completed, but the 
height of the ground, as well as the great size of the church itself, 
makes it visible at a great distance. 

The cemetery bounds the church on three sides, the western 
front opening on a fine square, planted with grass and shade trees, 
and extending to Meeting Street. 

West of the church is a very convenient and ornamental Sunday 
School building. This congregation has always fostered its Sun- 
day School, the nursery for the church. 

Ashmead Place Ends — 

John Street Ends — 

Ann Street Intersects — 

Wragg Square. 
Courtenay School. V. 

Elementary School for white pupils. One principal ; 24 teachers ; 



38 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

1000 pupils. Erected in 1889. Remodeled 1914. Named in honor 
of Hon. William A. Courtenay, Mayor of the city and former 
School Commissioner. This building was erected on the site of 
what was formerly known as the Meeting Street School. 

Mary Street Intersects — 

Reid Street Intersects — 

Woolfe Street Intersects — 

Columbus Street Intersects — 

Xo. 460, Consolidated Street Railway Office — Crossing of Belt Line 
Cars. 

Nos. 472-474, Church of the Holy Rosary. 

In recent years the demand for a place of worship in the ex- 
treme upper part of the city for the many Roman Catholics, 
led to its establishment. The funds available were inadequate 
to the completion of the church, but the basement story was 
erected and in it holy services are held. The completion of the 
building is but a question of time, when it will be an ornament 
to the city and a firm foundation for its religious life. 

Line Street Intersects — 

WEST SIDE. 

Xo. 7, Charleston Club House. 

This building was erected about 1800 and up to recent years 
was a home, but is now the Club House of this private club. 
Xo. 15. John Edwards' Mansion. 

This old house was built in 1770 by John Edwards, a native 
of Great Britain, a prosperous merchant and loyal supporter of 
the patriot cause, who tendered his fortune thereto. Warned by 
his friends that he was too liberal, he replied with lofty patriotism, 
"Be it so ! I would rather lose my all, than retain it, subject 
to British authority." After the fall of Charleston in 1780, Ad- 
miral Arbuthnot occupied the house as his quarters and when in 
1793 the French had to flee from St. Domingo, Compte de Grasse 
was entertained there. 

The building is in a remarkable state of preservation, having 
been most carefully built — no shoddy workmanship. It is now, 
1919, occupied by one of the city's most eminent bankers, Mr. 
Geo. W. Williams. 

Lamboll Street Commences — 

Ladson Street Commences— 



GUIDE TO. CHARLESTON, S. C. 39 

No. 35, Old Bull Home. 

The quaint old house was supposed to be erected by the First 
Lieut. Governor, William Bull, who died in 1755. In recent years 
it has been largely modernized, but such alterations are in its 
rear and do not affect the original building. During the exciting 
times of the Revolutionary outbreak it was occupied by the 
Second Lieut. Governor, William Bull, and just across the street 
was the residence of the last Royal Governor of the Colony, Gov. 
Wm. Campbell. It was the custom of these days to have a 
resident Lieut. Governor, so as to prevent any governmental 
interregnum between the appointments of Governor by the British 
Crown. 

Nos. 53-57, The First Presbyterian Church. V. 

About the year 1685, a religious society was formed by persons 
from Scotland and New England, who erected a place of wor- 
ship, then called the Presbyterian Meeting. For more than fifty 
years they continued united, obtaining their ministers chiefly from 
the Presbyterian establishment in Europe. In 1731 there ap- 
peared a division of sentiment upon the subject of ecclesiastical 
government; the Europeans being zealously attached to the forms 
and discipline of the Church of Scotland, while the majority 
favored the Congregational system. This difference of opinion 
terminated in an amicable separation, when the Presbyterians, con- 
sisting of about twelve families, formed another society, pur- 
chased the ground adjoining their present church, and erected a 
small wooden building for purposes of worship. They guarded 
against the evils they had experienced, for in the titles to the land 
it is expressly stipulated that it is for the use of a Presbyterian 
Church, according to the forms and discipline of the Church of 
Scotland, having ministers ordained in the Presbyterian form, be- 
lieving in the Westminster Confession of Faith, and to be con- 
verted to no other purpose. 

The first minister was the Rev. Hugh Stewart, from Scotland. 
The congregation has enjoyed the. ministry of some of the most 
talented and eloquent ministers associated with this city's interest- 
ing history, among them specially the Rev. George Buist, D.D., 
who was also the President of Charleston College, the Rev. A. W. 
Leland, D.D. ; the Rev. John Forrest, D.D., who was the pastor 
of the church for 47 years; and the Rev. W. T. Thompson, D.D. 
The church is a handsome structure and is one of the most 
beautiful auditoriums in the country. It was seriously damaged 
by the earthquake of 1886, and almost destroyed. A tablet on the 
east wall of the church commemorates this sad event. Just to the 
right of the main doorway is another tablet of the greatest interest 



40 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

to this congregation and many visitors. It commemorates the 
name and virtues of Lady Anne Murray "of high birth and 
illustrious descent." "This memorial tablet is surmounted by the 
coat of arms of the Cromarty family, and is one of the most 
artistic pieces of workmanship in this country, indeed it is said 
that there is no other tablet like it in America." The Marquis 
of Lome and the Princess Louise visited the church to see this 
tablet erected to their relative, and the Duke of Sutherland made 
a special visit to the city to see it. 

The Rev. Alexander Sprunt, D.D., is the pastor in 1919, and 
has served the church for the past eighteen years. The present 
building was dedicated in 1814. 

Tradd Street Intersects — 

No* 59, Old Branford or Horry House. 

This old home was built between 1751 and 1767, and was a 
very elegant residence. The piazzas over the street were added 
at a later date. It is now occupied by Mr. W. H. Dunkin, Clerk 
of the Circuit Court. 

Postoffice Park — (For description, see Broad Street.) 

Broad Street Intersects — 

No. 87, Court House. V. 

When Charleston was the capital of the colony, and after the 
city had grown far beyond its original walls, the State House 
stood on the northwest corner of Meeting and Broad. This was 
burned in 1788, and as the capital had been removed to Columbia, 
there was no reason for its rebuilding. On the site, m fact 
on the very foundations, there was erected the Court House 
building. It was designed to face on Broad Street, but subse- 
quently the interior was remodeled, and the main entrance thrown 
on Meeting Street. The court room is on the second floor, with 
offices for the Judge, Solicitor and stenographer, and on the first 
floor the offices of the Clerk, Sheriff and Masters in Equity. 
While lacking in modern architectural jimcracks, the architecture 
is very fine, if rather austere. 

Court House Square Commences — 

Nos. 91-95, Timrod Inn. 

A modern and well equipped hotel. 
No. 103, Hiberman Hall. V. 

This building is the property of the Hibernian Society, one of the 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 41 

oldest and wealthiest associations in the city, and comprising in 
its ranks all of the best citizens of Irish extraction. 

The building is a handsome and substantial one, conveniently- 
arranged, with a large hall, occupying the whole of the second 
floor, and a smaller hall and committee and club rooms below. 

Since the burning of the Institute and St. Andrews Halls this 
one has been used for large assemblies and fashionable balls. 
Nos. 113-119, St. John's Hotel. V. 

Building erected about 1850 and known for many years as the 
Mills' House. It marks the southerly boundary of the great fire 
of 1861, on Meeting Street. It is a first class hotel, modern, up- 
to-date, and well kept. 

Queen Street Intersects — 

No. 131, Gibbes Memorial Art Building. V. 

Under the will of James S. Gibbes, the sum of about $123,000 
was left to certain trustees "for the erection or purchase of a 
suitable building to be used as a hall or halls for the exhibition 
of paintings and for necessary rooms for students in the fine 
arts." Mr. Gibbes had a refined taste for art and artistic sur- 
roundings, which was traditionary in his family. When, there- 
fore, he wished to mark his love for his native state, he naturally 
decided on a building for the cultivation of art. The building 
is a very handsome one, doing credit to Mr. Gibbes and to the 
city. Its administration is conducted by the Art Association and 
the Mayor of the city, but the former are practically in charge. 

The Carolina Art Association was chartered December, 1858, 
and has had on its roll many of the most distinguished men of 
the State. It has gathered a limited number of paintings, which is 
being annually added to, and with time the walls of the hall will 
be covered with works of art. It encourages classes in art study, 
and the studios on the first floor are the scenes of busy artistic 
life. 

No. 141, Charleston Consolidated Railway and Lighting Co. Main 
Offices. 

Horlbeck's Alley Commences — 

Market Street Intersects — 

Nos. 189-191, Enterprise Bank. 

Hasell Street Intersects — 



42 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

No. 237, Argyle Hotel. V. 

Keeps up to date in every respect and is a charming hostelry. 
It is in the business section and exceedingly convenient for mer- 
chants and others visiting the city. 
Nos. 267-269, Charleston American. V. 

A modern, up-to-date, progressive daily newspaper. Office is 
well equipped, and it has a staff of editors, reporters, etc., who 
are certainly "live wires." 

Society Street Intersects — 

Nos. 273-275, Westminster Presbyterian Church. V. 

Westminster Presbyterian Church building is remarkable for 
the perfection of its architecture, having an elegant portico of 
pure Corinthian style and the rest of the building corresponding 
in symmetry and correctness. 

It was organized as the Third Presbyterian Church in June, 
1823, Rev. William H. McDowell. D.D., Pastor. Dr. McDowell 
was followed by Rev. William C. Dana, D.D., in 1836, who served 
as pastor for nearly forty-five years. During his pastorate, the 
name of the church was changed to Central Presbyterian Church. 
The present beautiful building was dedicated February 3, 1850. In 
1882, the Central Presbyterian Church and the Zion Presbyterian 
Church united under the name of Westminster Presbyterian 
Church. 

No. 287, The Arion Hall. 

The Freundshaftsbund, a German society for charitable and 
social purposes, long established and prosperous, erected this 
building in 1870. It is admirably arranged for its purposes, the 
first floor being divided into club and billiard rooms with a large 
dining room in the rear, adorned with portraits of the founders 
and presidents of the association, the second floor entirely occupied 
by a spacious hall, well proportioned and finished and having a 
stage at the western extremity for the musical and dramatic en- 
tertainments which the Society frequently gives. 

George Street Intersects — 

Calhoun Street Intersects — 

Marion Square. 

Hampton Monument. V. 

On Marion Square, opposite Henrietta Street, stands a modest 
monument to Gen. Wade Hampton — modest compared with the 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 43 

splendid merits of the man. It is of granite, a shaft resting on a 
solid plinth, graceful and commanding in its very simplicity. 
Hampton was perhaps the best loved man South Carolina ever 
produced. 

Hudson Street Commences — 



KING STREET 

Commencing at the Battery, running North. 

EAST SIDE. 

Nothing historical or important south. 

Queen Street Intersects — 

No. 164, Charleston Library. V. 

The Charleston Library Society was the earliest association of 
its kind in Charleston, and the third in the United States. It 
was organized in 1748, by seventeen young gentlemen, who de- 
sired to obtain some of the current literature from England. They 
soon associated others with them, and, after some difficulties, a 
charter was obtained in 1754, under the name of Charles Town 
Library Society. It increased in numbers and wealth, and in spite 
of the heavy loss sustained by the fire of 1778, acquired an ex- 
tremely valuable collection of books. These were kept at first 
at the residence or office of the librarian, and afterwards in 
the third story of the State House (now the Court House). In 
1835 the Society purchased a building at the northwest corner of 
Broad and Church Streets. This building was erected for the 
South Carolina Bank, and was occupied by it for some years. 
The number of volumes in the library is about fifty thousand, 
and the Society is in a flourishing condition. During the war 
the greater part of the books, including the most valuable works, 
was removed to Columbia for safety, but a considerable number 
were left in the building and were entirely destroyed. After the 
war the Society was re-organized, and, in 1874, the Apprentices' 
Library Society was merged in it, bringing a large accession of 
members and some funds. 

The income of the Society being derived only from the small 
membership fees was insufficient for very great progress, but 
vigorous and most successful efforts were made to arouse the 



44 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

interest of the community; liberal subscriptions were made, the 
debt incurred for repairs, etc., paid off, and new and larger 
fields of usefulness opened. Following this in February, 1900, 
the South Carolina Jockey Club, an association of equal age with 
the Library Society, determining to dissolve, transferred the whole 
of its valuable property to that Society, making an endowment 
which secures the future of the Library. 

This and other generous bequests enabled the Society to erect 
a very handsome, commodious and complete building, and in a 
more accessible neighborhood, its present home. The Library 
is under able management, largely patronized and its treasures so 
arranged that they are accessible. 

Horlbeck's Alley Ends — 

Market Street Intersects — 

Nos. 238-242, Washington Light Infantry Armory. V. 

This, the home of one of the oldest and most distinguished 
volunteer military organizations of this country, was occupied by 
them February 22, 1907. It is very conveniently furnished and 
in it are gathered many valued relics of the company, of the 
State, and of the Nation. In the line of military mementoes, it 
stands unrivaled in the country. The company was organized 
in 1807 and has taken active part in all the wars which have 
since occurred. It was in the Florida War; it furnished three 
companies to the Confederate Army, one of which was in the 
famous Hampton Legion and two in the 25th S. C. Regt. ; it 
was on the Mexican Border amongst the sage bushes and cacti ; 
in the great World's War it did its duty as Co. B, 105th Ammuni- 
tion Train, 30th (Old Hickory) Division. While the company 
was serving in France, the older members organized a Reserve 
company for home use, if needed. 

The company has a long and brilliant career, and has been 
usually commanded by men who have stood high on the city's roll 
of honor. Its banner is a Revolutionary relic, presented by the 
widow of Col. Washington, and "as a meteor shot through the 
Cowpens deadly fight." 

Hasell Street Ends— 

Nos. 270-274, The Masonic Temple. V. 

This building at the southeast corner of King and Wentworth 
Streets, was erected by the Masonic fraternity for their meetings, 
and is arranged for the purpose. Erected first, the corner stone 



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Page 44 



Seeing Charleston by Trolleys 



The following is a list of points of interest in 
historic Charleston, all of which may be seen by tak- 
ing cars of the routes on which these points are located 



U. S. NAVY YARD, Navy Yard cars North. 

THE BATTERY (White Point Gardens), Meeting Street 
and Navy Yard cars South. 

WASHINGTON SQUARE, Fireproof Building, City Hall, 
U. S. Post Office, Court House, St. Michael's Church, 
Hibernian Hall, Gibbes Memorial Art Institute, South 
Carolina Society Hall, all may be reached by Meeting Street 
cars. 

COLONIAL LAKE, Westbound Broad Street cars. 

ELK'S HOME (Wentworth Street), Masonic Temple 
(King and Wentworth), U. S. Custom House (East Bay), 
City Market (East Bay), may all be reached by Belt Line 
cars. 

MAGNOLIA CEMETERY, Aiken Park and Charleston 
Country Club, reached by Meeting Street Cars. 

HAMPTON PARK, King Street cars North, and Gadsden 
Loop cars North. 



Charleston Consolidated Railway $ Lighting Co. 



Page 45 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 45 

having been laid December 9, 1840, was a good building. But 
this proving inadequate to the requirements of the Grand and 
City Lodges, the corner stone of the present very handsome 
building was laid December 20, 1871. The first floor is occupied 
as stores, on the second floor is a very large hall, and on the 
third floor, the lodge room. 
No. 272, Atlantic National Bank. 

Wentworth Street Intersects — 

No. 276, Commercial National Bank. 
No. 280, Dime Savings Bank. 

Society Street Ends — 

No. 302, Liberty Bank. 
No. 304 Princess Theatre. 

George Street Intersects — 

No. 348, Lyric Theatre. 

No. 370, Loyal Order of Moose. 

In the second story of this building is the meeting place of the 
Charleston Lodge. The Loyal Order of Moose teaches that once 
a Moose, always a Moose, and that no Moose will ever be placed 
in a potters field after death. 

Their motto is "All for one and one for all; United we stand, 
together we fall." 

Starting only about 1909, the Order has grown to over 500,000 
in the whole country. This organization stands for purity, aid 
and progress, built entirely on pure morals, always aiding anyone 
in times of need and distress, and their progress has been won- 
derful. 

It has located at Moosehart, 111., an institution for the education 
and training of dependent children of deceased members. At 
this institution the children are educated in any of the 29 different 
trades which are taught, and they are kept there until they are 
capable of earning their livelihood. Moosehart, 111., is situated in 
the State of Illinois thirty-five miles from Chicago in the beautiful 
Fox River valley, comprising thousands of acres of land where 
everything for the comfort and care of the little children is 
grown. They have 67 different buildings now constructed and 
more will be as time advances. 

Calhoun Street Intersects — 



46 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

Marion Square. 

Horn Work, Marion Square. V. 

On the Square, not very far from the Citadel Buildings, stands 
what is known as the Horn Work. It was a part of the bastion 
through which was the gate to the city, in the works erected 
when the city was defended against the British attack of 1780. 
The lines run across the peninsula on the ridge on which now 
stands Flinn's Church, the Citadel and the Orphan House. 

Citadel Buildings. V. 
Hudson Street Ends — 

Xos. 450-458, Southern Railroad — General Offices. 
Ann Street Ends — 
Mary Street Ends — 
Reid Street Ends— 
Woolfe Street Ends- 
No. 542, City Bank & Trust Company, Charleston Fidelity Corporation. 
Spring Street Intersects — 
Columbus Street Ends — 

No. 600, Star Gospel Mission. V. 

The Star Gospel Mission was opened in Charleston April 24, 
1904, in a building at 600 King Street, then known as the "Star 
Theatre," a place of low character, and a resort for men and 
women of the worst class. Today it is recognized by thoughtful 
men and women as one of the greatest institutions for good in 
the City of Charleston. 

1. It conducts nightly meetings, and Sunday School, where men, 
women and children of neglected classes gather. 

2. It holds jail meetings every Sunday morning. 

3. It conducts open air meetings on the streets, and special 
meetings in railroad shops and factories for working men and 
women. 

4. It keeps its doors open at all times to welcome the poor and 
discouraged. 

5. It maintains a free employment bureau. 



GUIDE: TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 47 

6. It maintains a "Shelter" for moneyless men who are out 
of employment. 

7. It makes provision for food and clothing for the deserving 
needy. 

Its mission is to do good to all that come to its doors. It is 
undenominational. It is supported by free will offering. Strangers 
in the city will be made most welcome. 

Line Street Intersects — 

Shepard Street Intersects — 

I Street Intersects — 

Huger Street Intersects — 

No. 720, The William Enston Home. V. 

One of the grandest charitable bequests ever made in Charleston 
was that of William Enston, a native of Canterbury, England, 
who came to Charleston in 1834 and died in 1860, having amassed 
a very large fortune. By his will he provided that the entire income 
of his estate should be enjoyed by his widow, subject to the 
payment of certain legacies and annuities, and that upon her 
death and the extinction of the annuities the whole estate should 
go to the City of Charleston for the founding of a Hospital for 
Old and Infirm Persons. 

He had no doubt in mind the Hospital of St. John in his native 
city. 

In 1882 a very satisfactory settlement of her life interest was 
made with Mrs. Enston, a fund placed in the hands of trustees 
for the annuities and the balance of the property made imme- 
diately available for the purpose designed. 

A tract of eight acres on King Street, about two miles from the 
Court House, was purchased, the ground laid off in sections with 
paved roadways and twenty cottages, attractive in appearance and 
provided with every convenience and comfort were built, each 
having space around it for a garden according to the express 
desire of the founder. In the center of the grounds is a very 
handsome memorial hall, intended for meetings and religious ser- 
vices. This was dedicated with impressive ceremonies February 
22, 1899, and a bronze bust of Mr. Enston, executed by Edward V. 
Valentine, unveiled. 

The cottages at present only occupy about half of the ground. 
When the fund becomes available the full number which the plat 
allows will be erected. This institution is doing noble work and 



48 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

the pious design of its founder "to make old age comfortable" 
is being beautifully realized. 
No. 724, Royal Mills. 

Nothing interesting beyond. 
WEST SIDE. 

No. 27, Pringle House. 

This is one of the oldest houses in Charleston, and is probably 
the best preserved and most elegant specimen of Colonial archi- 
tecture. It was built by Miles Brewton about 1765. He, with 
his whole family, was lost at sea and the house passed to his three 
sisters, one of whom, Mrs. Rebecca Motte, famous in Revolutionary 
story, was living in it at the time of the occupation of the city by 
the British— 1781-2. 

The house was taken by Sir Henry Clinton as headquarters, 
and after him by Lord Rawdon. When the United States forces 
occupied Charleston, 1865, this house was again selected as the 
headquarters of the commanding general. 

Nothing historical or important until north of Princess Street. 

Princess Street Commences — 

No. 213, New Pavilion Hotel. 

Market Street Intersects — 

Nos. 225-227, The Academy of Music. V. 

This is a very ornamental and admirably arranged theatre, with 
a capacity for seating about twelve hundred persons ; in proportion 
to the building the stage is a very fine one, being forty feet deep, 
fifty-three feet wide, and fifty-one feet high. The building stands 
at the corner of King and Market Streets, and has a front of 
sixty feet, is two hundred and thirty-one feet deep and seventy- 
five feet high. It was built for a mammoth dry goods store, the 
most extensive Charleston ever had. In 1869 the interior was 
remodeled, making the theatre, two large halls and fine stores 
on the first floor, opening on King Street. 

It has always been well conducted and the people of Charleston 
have had the privilege of seeing there many of the stars of the 
dramatic and operatic stage. 
No. 237, Christian Science. V. 

(Information kindly furnished by the local Church authorities.) 

Its representative body, a branch of the Mother Church, of 
Boston, Mass., holds services at 237 King Street. Services held 




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CHARLESTON, S. C. 



Phone 1684 



THE UNITED PHONOGRAPH COMPANY 

M. & D. VANE, Proprietors 

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Page 48 



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WE are perfectly willing to rest 
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McCray Refrigerator — ask the 
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For more than 30 years McCray 
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During those years our constant 
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Southern Scale and Fixture Co. 



Tage 49 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 49 

Sundays and Wednesdays. The cause of Christian Science pre- 
sents its activities through churches and societies, reading rooms, 
Sunday Schools, periodicals, and the consecrated service of prac- 
titioners. During the half century since Christian Science was 
presented by Mary Baker Eddy, it has been steadily accomplishing 
its mission of restoring. Its records show increase of churches 
and adherents — these through the healing of sickness, sin, poverty 
and distress. 

Beaufain Street Commences — 

No. 253, Citizens Bank. 

Wentworth Street Intersects — 

Liberty Street Commences — 

No. 299, Odd Fellows Hall— I. O. O. F. V. 

The hall known as Odd Fellows Hall was erected by the local 
lodges of the Order about 75 years agq. There are three lodges 
and one encampment in this city which meets regularly. South 
Carolina Lodge No. 1, instituted February 22, 1840, Marion Lodge 
No. 2, instituted May 29, 1841, Schiller Lodge No. 30, instituted 
July 23, 1865, and Chicora Encampment No. 9, instituted De- 
cember 22, 1880. 

The Independent Order of Odd Fellows is one of the oldest 
and greatest of the fraternal orders. On December 31, 1917, in 
round numbers, its total membership was over 2,270,000 persons, 
the total of invested funds over $73,000,000, and during that year 
expenditures for relief exceeded $6,500,000. 

The order is non-political and non-sectarian. Its objects are 
declared in the charter of every lodge — "For the aid and protection 
of brothers when sick or on travel and for the purposes of 
benevolence and charity" and also in the mandate of the Order, 
"We commend you to visit the sick, relieve the distressed, bury 
the dead, and educate the orphan." 

George Street Intersects — 

No. 343, Majestic Theatre. 
Calhoun Street Intersects — 

Corner — site of new twelve-story hotel. 



50 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

No. 399, Pythian Castle. V. 

This building was erected through the efforts of the four 
lodges Knights of Pythias of this city; Stonewall No. 6, Carolina 
No. 9, Calhoun No. 23, and Jasper No. 66, with a membership of 
about one thousand, starting the effort by holding a fair and sub- 
sequently by an assessment of ten cents per capita which has ac- 
complished lodge ownership. 

The Order of Knights of Pythias, based on friendship, charity 
and benevolence, was established by Justus H. Rathbone in 1864 
and the first lodge was chartered in South Carolina in 1867. 
This Pythian Castle was erected in 1897 and the management and 
care of it is under the control of a board of directors for the 
general benefit of the lodges. The building is open to visitors. 
No. 403, St. Matthew's German Lutheran Church. V. 

This very handsome building in the Gothic style of architecture 
and with the tallest spire in the city, stands on the west side of 
King Street, opposite Marion Square. It is one of the latest 
church buildings of importance in Charleston; the corner-stone 
was laid on the second day of the Christmas Festival, 1867, and 
the building dedicated on Green Thursday, March 28, 1872. The 
stained glass windows representing the Crucifixion and the four 
Evangelists are splendid works of art, the work of an artist brought 
from Dresden to New York by Mr. Sharpe, the architect of the 
church, and the large cost was mostly contributed by prominent 
gentlemen from all parts of the country, -but particularly the north 
and northwest. 

Vanderhorst Street Commences — 

Warren Street Commences — 

Radcliffe Street Commences — 

Morris Street Commences — 

No. 565, South Carolina Loan & Trust Co., Branch. 

Nothing historical or important. 

Cleveland Street Commences — 

No. , Sunbeam Memorial Baptist Church. V. 

Erected for the worship of Baptists in this section of the city. 
The building is of recent construction and admirably suited to the 
wants of the congregation. 
Nothing interesting beyond. 



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CHARLESTON, S. C. 



Phone 149 



PHOENIX FURNITURE COMPANY 

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Page 51 



CHARLESTON, S. C. 



Phone 223 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 51 

BROAD STREET 

NORTH SIDE. 

No. 14, First Federal Shot Struck. V. 

When the Federals began the bombardment of the city from 
the Swamp Angel Battery in the marsh near Morris Island, the 
first shot struck the cornice over the fir,s* story of the building, 
now occupied by C. T. Lowndes & Co., and broke off the eastern 
edge of the brown stone cornice. 

No. 16, Bank of Charleston, N. B. A. 

State Street Commences — 

Nos. 18-22, Peoples Building. V. 

This building is an office building, on the first story of which 
is the Peoples National Ban&. It is the only sky scraper, at present, 
in the city. Architecturally it is an ornament to the city. 

Nos. 18-22, Peoples National Bank. 

No. 24, Charleston Savings Institution. 

No. 34, Atlantic Savings Bank. 

Church Street Intersects — 

No. 50, Chamber of Commerce. V. 

A Chamber of Commerce was established in 1773, before the 
Revolutionary War. The original minute book, with the signa- 
tures of its founders, is preserved, but the society seems to have 
died out. But in 1823 it was revived and since has had a very 
useful and valued existence, of great benefit to the commerce and 
general interests of the community. It has had several homes, but 
at last has settled down into its present building, which for many 
years was used by the Charleston Library. It is now exceedingly 
prosperous, receiving large support from the merchants of the 
city and is doing work of incalculable value to the city. It is 
well equipped and what is more important, has an active corps of 
officers, whose earnest labor is devoted to building up the city. 

Nos. 60-64, The Confederate College and the Confederate Home. 
(Information kindly furnished by the Officers of the College.) 

The Confederate College is a boarding school of High School 
grade. The buildings which it occupies are of historic interest, 
comprising the Carolina Coffee House, the Depository Building, 
and the United States Court Rooms in which were tried the crew 
of the last slaver and in which the presiding judge, when South 
Carolina seceded in 1860, dramatically cast off his robes of office 
and renounced his allegiance to the United States Government. 



52 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

These buildings with modern additions and improvements, large, 
well-ventilated schoolrooms and light, airy bedrooms, are still 
the home of the school founded in 1867 by patriotic women headed 
by Mrs. Mary Amarinthia Snowden as a branch of the Home for 
Mothers, Widows, and Daughters of Confederate Soldiers and 
Sailors. Scholarships founded for this purpose still give educa- 
tional opportunities to a limited number of Confederate descend- 
ants. The school is modern in method and popular. Its graduates 
have contributed largely to the army of rural teachers. 

The Home Department, founded at the same time, still exists, 
though necesarily on a very small scale. This branch, although 
under the same roof, is distinct from the school. When founded 
the need was so desperate that destitute women and children were 
crowded into the old rooms, cared for and taught by volunteer 
workers. This generation which has learned for itself the sad 
lessons of war, should remember with admiration the women who 
established this institution. 

In the earthquake of 1886 the buildings were much injured and 
were restored by the generosity of the people of the United States, 
who contributed to the rebuilding of Charleston. 
Corner of Meeting Street, City Hall. V. 

The site on which the present City Hall stands was, in colonial 
times, that of the Town Market Place. In 1801-2 the building 
was erected by and for the United States Bank. When the bank 
was discontinued the city bought the building for a city hall, and 
have so used it ever since. In the first story are offices of various 
city officials, and in the second the hall for meetings of Council, 
with the Mayor's office adjoining. 

The chief attraction of this building, and that which gives it 
special interest to strangers, is the number of portraits and busts 
which adorn the Council Chamber and Mayor's office. Some of 
these possess considerable merit, and all are full of interest from 
their history and associations. Space permits only a brief note 
of the principal ones. 

A full length portrait of George Washington, by Col. Trumbull, 
painted for the City Council shortly after the visit of President 
Washington to Charleston in 1791. A full length portrait of 
President Monroe, by S. F. B. Morse, who became famous as in- 
ventor of the electric telegraph. General Jackson, by Vanderlyn. 
There is also a bust portrait of General Jackson, in the Mayor's 
office, the execution of which is considered superior to the fore- 
going. John C. Calhoun, by Healy. Mr. Calhoun is represented 
as addressing the Senate of the United States, and in the back- 
ground appear the faces of several of his contemporaries in that 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 53 

body. General Zachary Taylor, a full length portrait, presented 
to the city by Mr. Peter Conroy. William C. Preston, believed to 
be by Jarvis, an English portrait painter who for some years 
resided in Columbia, S. C. Senator Wade Hampton, a portrait, 
painted in 1879, by P. Prescott, of Boston, and presented to the 
City Council of Charleston by Dr. Wm. Henry White, of Spring- 
field, Mass. General William Moultrie, by Charles Fraser. The 
date of this portrait is not known. Wm. Enston, by J. H. Stolle, 
of Dresden. This portrait was reproduced from a photograph 
and is considered a fair likeness. Mr. Enston's splendid charity 
is elsewhere mentioned. The Marquis de Lafayette, a portrait 
in miniature, by Charles Fraser, executed for the City Council 
to commemorate the visit of the Marquis de Lafayette to Charles- 
ton, 1825. Mr. Fraser was a fine artist and all of his pictures 
possess merit, but probably his special excellence lay in minia- 
ture painting, and specimens of his work of this kind are very 
highly valued in Charleston. General Francis Marion by J. H. 
Stolle. This is a remarkable work of art. There is no really 
authentic likeness of General Marion in existence, and the painter 
had for guidance only some imperfect prints and the written 
accounts of the General's personal appearance. His success is 
striking; it would be difficult to form a more perfect ideal of 
the hero of Carolina than he has produced. Mr. Stolle has 
presented the picture to the city, and there are many others of 
value, historically and artistically. 

The statuary consists in part of the following pieces : Bust 
of Robert Y. Hayne, by Edward V. Valentine, of Richmond, Va. 
Bust (heroic size) of James Louis Petigru, South Carolina's great 
jurist. This was executed by Mr. A. G. Harnisch, of Rome. 
Bust of Robert Fulton, by Bremond, copied from the original by 
Houdon. Plaster bust of John C. Calhoun, by the late Clark 
Mills, believed to be one of his earliest works. Bust of Hon. Wm. 
A. Courtenay, by Valentine. Bust of Hon. C. G. Memminger. 

In the cases are many valued historical mementoes, among 
these the sword of General Beauregard, and that of Captain J. C. 
Mitchell, who lost his life while commanding Fort Sumter during 
its terrific bombardment by the Federal batteries and ironclads. 

Court House Square Ends — 

Court House — For description, see Meeting Street. 
No. 88, Hebrew Orphan Asylum. 

This building was purposed only for a meeting place of the 

Hebrew Orphan Society, their orphans being maintained at a 

general asylum at Atlanta, Ga. 



54 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

King Street Intersects — 

No. 110, Old Izard House. 

This substantial and well built house was erected previous to 
1757. It has escaped all the great fires and stands today a 
monument of colonial days. 
No. 118, Site of St. Andrew's Hall. 

On this lot stood the hall, which for many years was the 
favorite place for fashionable assemblies and public meetings. 
It was the home of the St. Andrew's Society, founded in 1729 
by Scotch immigrants. Historically it is famous as the meeting 
place of the State Convention which, December 20, 1860, there 
passed the Ordinance of Secession, the act which inaugurated the 
great War of Secession. 

When General Lafayette visited the city, arriving March 14, 
1825, he was assigned, being the guest of the city, St. Andrew's 
Hall as his residence. He had visited the city forty-eight years 
before, a youth of twenty, to espouse the cause of the American 
colonies, to defend their rights, and to aid in winning their inde- 
pendence. Now he came as the guest of the American people, 
and in response to the unanimous request of their Congress. He 
was met at the outskirts of the city by the Governor of the State 
and many distinguished citizens, and escorted by a large and en- 
thusiastic column, military, civic societies, schools, and other 
citizens, welcomed at the City Hall by the Mayor and Council and 
escorted to his quarters at this historic hall. The entire city did 
homage to its true friend and patriotic defender. 
No. 122, The Cathedral of St. John the Baptist. V. 

The first Cathedral of Charleston, a frame structure, was built 
and dedicated by Bishop England, on December 30, 1821, about a 
year after the arrival of the first bishop in the city. 

The present magnificent Gothic Cathedral was consecrated on 
April 14, 1907. It was begun towards the close of 1888, by Rt. 
Rev. H. P. Northrop, then Bishop of Charleston. It follows 
closely the lines of the cathedral which was destroyed in the great 
fire of 1861, which was built during the Episcopate of Bishop 
Reynolds, the second Bishop of Charleston. From 1861 to 1907, 
Divine worship was held in the pro-Cathedral on Queen Street, 
erected by Bishop Eynch. P. C. Keeley of New York, the archi- 
tect of Bishop Reynolds' Cathedral, was also the architect of the 
new cathedral, which, however, he made far more beautiful. It 
is of pure Gothic, with the trend of the German of the fourteenth 
century, and is built of Connecticut brownstone, and cost about 
$200,000. It is about 200 feet long from the main entrance to the 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 55 

rear of the vestry. The nave is 150 feet long by 80 feet wide. 
From the floor to the apex of the vaulted roof is 60 feet. 

The main altar is an exquisite work of Vermont marble, and 
the other altars are of marble. There are fifty stained-glass win- 
dows from Munich, reproducing masterpieces of the great artists, 
depicting the life of our Saviour and kindred sacred subjects. This 
cathedral, artistically and architecturally, is regarded as one of the 
most magnificent buildings in the South. 

Legare Street Intersects — 

SOUTH SIDE. 

No. 1, Carolina Savings Bank. 

Nos. 3-5, Walker, Evans & Cogswell Co. V. 

This firm printed, in part, the notes and bonds of the Southern 
Confederacy, 1861-5. 

No. 17, South Carolina Loan & Trust Company. Security Savings 
Bank. 

No. 19, Office News and Courier. V. 

One of the leading and most influential newspapers of the 
South has its home in this old building. For its improved ma- 
chinery and physical outfit, there has been erected in its rear, a 
suitable building. The News was started in 1865, but the Courier 
goes back to 1803. The two were consolidated in 1873 and since 
that date has flourished and had a most prosperous career. 

No. 23, Miners & Merchants Bank. 

No. 39, Exchange Banking 8t Trust Company. Building also used as 
an Office Building. 

Church Street Intersects — 

Meeting Street Intersects — 

No. 81-83, Postoffice and United States Court. V. 

This building is one of the finest in the city. It was erected 
by our beloved Uncle Sam, who is always generous with his 
people's money, and this building does every credit to his liberality. 
It is built of granite. It stands on the site of the old Police "Guard 
House," which together with the United States Court House on 
the adjoining lot on Meeting Street, were destroyed by the earth- 
quake of 1886. It was completed in 1896. The cellar and first 
story are used by the postoffice, and the upper stories by the 
United States Court. The interior finishing is very fine, perhaps 
unequalled by that of any postoffice in the country, and thanks to 



56 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

the various postmasters, is always kept clean, which can be said 
of few public buildings in the land, where every citizen has the 
inalienable right to spit, throw scraps, and make all the dirt he 
chooses. 

To the south of the building is the park, which is well kept and 
is a spot of charm and beauty. For reasons unknown, it is not 
open for the use of the public. On one occasion, a small boy 
who lived nearby was friendly to the keeper who allowed him 
and some friends to invade the sacred precincts. Another keeper 
saw them, and demanded what they were doing there. The small 
boy, who was rather precocious answered, saying they had per- 
mission, but if they had not had, they would have a perfect right, 
as the park belonged to his Uncle Sam. 
No. 87, The Associated Charities Society. 

Here is the office of the most worthy and useful association, 
which, since its founding in 1888, has done a world of good to our 
city. Its members and officers have been of the leading and most 
influential of Charleston's citizenship. Its objects, which it has 
successfully accomplished, are to enable the benevolent to give 
promptly and wisely; by this assurance stimulated benevolence; 
it has kept foreign tramps from the city or expedited their de- 
parture; it has banished professional beggars from the streets; 
it has secured immediate relief to every worthy applicant, by 
referring the same to some organization or friend, and it has 
carefully investigated every claim made to it and thus seen that 
the needy were supplied and the unworthy prevented from im- 
posing on the city or its people. 

King Street Intersects — 



WENTWORTH STREET 

Runs from East Bay, Westward to Ashley River. 

NORTH SIDE. 

Anson Street Intersects — 

No. 34, St. Peter's Roman Catholic Church. 

This was established for colored parishioners and is doing a 
splendid work. The building was erected prior to 1861 and has 
no special historic interest. 

Meeting Street Intersects — 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 57 

No. 54, The Elks Home. 

This is a club house of this valued social order, and widely 
extends its hospitality and the services of the Elks. 

Nos. 58-60, The Centenary Methodist Episcopal Church. 

This is an elegant brick structure, of the Corinthian style of 
architecture. The property was purchased from the Wentworth 
Street Baptist Church, April 10, 1866, by the Missionary Society 
of the Methodist Episcopal Church for its colored congregation. 
The church owns a splendidly located and convenient parsonage 
at 132 Wentworth Street. 

The congregation comprises a membership of about eight hun- 
dred persons, of the most cultivated and substantial people of our 
colored population. 

No. 66, Fusiliers Armory. V. 

This is the home of a pre-Revolutionary military company. 
It was founded July 4, 1775, took part in the Revolutionary War, 
in that with the Indians in Florida, in that of Secession, was on 
the Mexican border during the recent troubles with Mexico, and 
when our country entered the World's War, it valiantly volun- 
teered, and in its regiment, the 2nd South Carolina National 
Guard, was mustered into Federal service, sent to France, and 
the Fusiliers former Company D of the 105th Ammunition Train, 
attached to the 30th Division. It has always been ready for duty 
and always rendered magnificent services to the country. It has 
always been composed of citizens, descendants principally of the 
German settlers who came to the city considerably more than 
one hundred years ago, hence while "German" in name, in name 
only, every man in the company was a loyal and devoted American. 

King Street Intersects — 

St. Philip Street Intersects— 

Glebe Street Commences — 

Nos. 100-102, Grace Church. V. 

This church, one of the more modern among the Episcopal 
churches of the city, presents a handsome specimen of Gothic 
architecture, and chiefly through the munificence of its members is 
very completely and elegantly furnished and adorned. 

The congregation was founded in 1840, the corner-stone of the 
building was laid July 7, 1847, and the church consecrated Novem- 
ber 9, 1848. It is one of the most popular and prosperous of the 
many Episcbpal churches in the city. It is remarkable that the 



58 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

rectorship of the Rev. C. C. Pinckney was for so long a period — 
from 1850 until his death in 1898, almost half a century. 

Attached on Glebe Street is a most convenient Sunday School 
building, and on the corner of Glebe and Wentworth a very fine 
rectory. 

Coming Street Intersects — 

SOUTH SIDE. 

Anson Street Intersects — 

Nos. 37-43, St. Andrew's Lutheran Church. V. 

This building was erected previous to the War of Secession, 
for the use of the Methodist Protestants of the city, and was badly 
damaged by the Federal bombardment. The Lutherans had a 
church on Morris Street. Both congregations had been depleted 
by the war, and so they decided to unite, and repairing the Went- 
worth Street building, worshipped therein, under the liberal pas- 
torage of Rev. W. S. Bowman, D.D. The present name of the 
church was adopted and under a number of scholarly, eloquent 
and earnest pastors the congregation has been enlarged, and it 
has become prosperous and is carrying on a good work. 

Meeting Street Intersects — 

Nos. 61-67, Artillery Hall. 

Before the War of Secession, the Fourth Brigade was comprised 
of all the military organizations in the city, and erected for 
drilling and social purposes, this fine castellated building. On the 
re-organization of the brigade, after the Reconstruction Era, it 
was found that the various units of the brigade preferred indi- 
vidual quarters and the building was disposed of to the Artillery 
Company, one of the organizations. The large hall has since been 
used as a public meeting place, and the lower rooms for the social 
pleasures of members. 

The German Artillery is one of the largest and most pros- 
perous of the military organizations of the city. During the War 
of Secession it had three companies in the Confederate Army 
and one in the Army of Northern Virginia and a battalion of 
two companies doing service on the coast of the State.' The com- 
pany has a splendid record in those wars in which it took part. 

Corner of King — Masonic Temple, facing King Street, but with the 
entrance to upper stories on Wentworth Street. (See King Street 
for description.) 

King Street Intersects — 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 59 

CALHOUN STREET 

Commencing at Cooper River and running West to Ashley River. 

NORTH SIDE. 

Washington Street Intersects — 

Where Liberty Tree grew. 

In the early history of the city, during the period of the pre- 
Revolutionary excitement, in the square now bounded by Calhoun, 
Charlotte, Alexander and Washington Streets, in the then old 
Mazyckboro, stood the Liberty Tree on that portion of it occupied 
now by No. 22, Alexander Street, on the gateway of which a tablet 
marks the site. Under this tree patriotic assemblages were held, 
and treason against the crown of Great Britain nurtured. 

Alexander Street Intersects — 

Elizabeth Street Commences — 

Nos. 110-112, Emanuel A. M. E. Church. 

Emanuel A. M. E. Church is one of the largest and most in- 
fluential colored churches in the City of Charleston, S. C. It was 
organized in 1865 by Rev. R. H. Cain, D.D. In 1882, when Rev. 
Sterrett divided the congregation of this church and organized Mt. 
Zion, it had a total membership of 3,878. The church has a base- 
ment, vestry room and ladies' parlor, galleries and vestibule, and 
has a seating capacity of over 2,000. It is equipped with an 
organ, electric blower and electric lights and is heated by two 
large furnaces. It has a beautiful lawn on either side, which 
causes the church to be cool and airy. 

Meeting Street Intersects — 

Marion Square. 

The square on Calhoun Street, between Meeting and King 
Streets and running back to Tobacco Street, which once ran in 
front of the Citadel buildings, is owned by the successors of the 
Fourth Brigade, State Militia. It was originally a solidly built 
square, but the Fourth Brigade bought all the property and con- 
verted it into an open plaza for drilling and other military exer- 
cises. To do this, they added to their funds, by a lottery scheme, 
by loan from the city, and otherwise. It was long known as the 
"Citadel Green." In 1882 the city, to whom the Fourth Brigade 
owed a large sum for the original purchase, and the Brigade 



60 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

came to an amicable settlement, whereby past debts were wiped 
out and the square was to be used as a public park and main- 
tained by the city. It was substantially laid out, the center area 
made solid for a parade ground and around its three sides grass 
plots laid out and trees planted — which on the Calhoun Street side, 
is used as a children's playground. The square was just within 
the Revolutionary line of fortification. 

At the Calhoun Street entrance, stands the magnificent monu- 
ment to Carolina's greatest statesman, John C. Calhoun, erected 
by the Ladies Calhoun Monument Association. The statue of 
Calhoun, crowning the granite column, is b:/ the sculptor Powers 
and is an impressive work of art. The only regret is that it is 
placed so high, that its artistic merits cannot be fully appreciated. 

On the Meeting Street side is the monument to Wade Hampton 
and on the King Street side the Revolutionary Horn work, a 
part of the defensive works of the city during the British attack 
in 1780. It is not known when it was erected, but it was there 
in 1780. 

The Citadel. V. 

This building, or rather the first and second story of the center 
building, was originally erected for a tobacco inspection, where 
tobacco brought down in huge rolling casks from the back country, 
was sold. Then it was used as a citadel for the preservation of 
the arms of the State, guarded by a magazine guard. In 1842 
the guard was disbanded and their place taken by the cadets of 
the Military Academy, then established, who discharged the duties 
of said guard. A third story and wings were then added, then a 
fourth story and the buildings adjoining the wings, extending the 
entire establishment from Meeting to King Street. 

It is the home of the Military College of South Carolina, 
known first as the S. C. M. A. and is the West Point of the 
South. The Academy has been admirably conducted, the drill and 
discipline of the cadets unsurpassed, and the tone of the institu- 
tion very high. To it the State owes many of her best men in 
all the walks of life. 

On the breaking out of the late war the cadets were early 
in the field. In fact, the first gun of the conflict was fired by 
them, on the memorable morning of the 9th of January, 1861, 
when the Star of the West attempted to reinforce Fort Sumter; 
after that, they were kept at their studies in the Academy, and 
doing guard duty in and around the city, and whenever an emer- 
gency arose they were promptly called out and did good service. 
About December, 1864, they went into active service and so 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 61 

remained unto the close of the war, the Academy being virtually 
abandoned. On the evacuation of Charleston the United States 
troops took possession of the buildings, and part of the garrison 
was quartered in them for several years. During their occupation 
the west wing was destroyed by fire. 

Through the untiring efforts of the Board of Visitors, with 
whom all the surviving graduates and ex-cadets of the institu- 
tion heartily co-operated, the Academy was re-opened on October 
11, 1882, under the most favorable auspices, and is now in a 
flourishing condition. 

The official reports of the United States inspecting officers 
who have visited it, place it at the head of the similar military 
schools of the country. 

King Street Intersects — 

Corner lot, Site of the new twelve-story hotel building, about to be 
erected. 

No. 160, Orphan House. 

This noble charity stands on its spacious grounds, giving evi- 
dence of the care and love of our people for the destitute young. 
It is one of the few public charities of our country which has 
escaped the defiling touch of politics, and even under the degrading 
negro rule of the State it was kept pure and free from any 
influence hurtful to its highest interests. 

The Act of Incorporation of the city (1783) imposed upon the 
city the care of providing for the poor and maintaining and edu- 
cating the poor orphan children. In accordance with this Act, 
a number of orphan children were supported, by boarding them 
out in private houses, and were educated at the expense of the city. 

In 1792, the City Council passed an ordinance for the erection 
of an Orphan House, and the vacant lands between Calhoun 
Street and Vanderhorst Street were appropriated to the pur- 
pose. On the 12th of November, 1792, the corner-stone of the 
building was laid, and on the 18th of October, 1794, with appro- 
priate religious services, one hundred and fifteen orphan children 
were introduced into it. 

In 1853, the commissioners presented a memorial to Council 
recommending the repair and enlargement of the building; 
and, this being adopted, Messrs. Jones and Lee, architects, were 
charged with the work, which they completed shortly before the 
celebration of the sixty-sixth anniversary, October 18, 1855. The 
building as it now stands is in the Italian style ; is two hundred 
*md thirty-six feet long and seventy-six feet wide, with an exten- 



62 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

sion in the rear ninety feet long by thirty-one feet wide. The 
main building is five stories high, divided in the front into three 
sections, the central portion being surmounted by a pediment 
and having an Italian portico projecting in the front. The building 
is covered by a Mansard roof, and above the central section of 
the front is the belfry, in which hangs one of the city alarm 
bells; on the belfry is a figure of Charity. The whole height 
is one hundred and forty-six feet from the ground. It is divided 
into spacious and airy rooms, adapted to the various require- 
ments of the inmates, and is surrounded by extensive grounds, 
well laid out, and protected by a high brick wall. In the northern 
part of the grounds is a handsome chapel, in which services are 
held every Sunday by some one of the city clergymen. 

The institution is complete in every detail and is Charleston's 
grandest charitable work. The lives of hundreds of c't'zens, some 
of whom have risen to eminence in the nation, as well as in their 
own State, attest its practical value. 

St. Philip Street Intersects— 

Nos. 176-178, The First Church of Christ. 

This church was organized in the year 1898 in a tabernacle on 
the corner of Rutledge Avenue and Beaufain Street. Here it 
continued to meet for worship until the year 1904, when a lot was 
bought on Calhoun Street. A good, comfortable house of worship 
was built. It has since been remodeled, and a brick Bible School 
building put up in the rear of the church house. 

This church has always been very closely connected with the 
missionary enterprises of the Disciples of Christ. It has joined 
with the churches of the city in local missionary and benevolent 
work. It has maintained its young people's work and joined with 
the Christian Endeavor Union of the city in its work. It is pro- 
gressive. It was one of the first, if not the first, church in the 
city to put in the individual communion services. It has always 
stood for the union of all of God's people and the Bible as the 
only rule of faith and practice. 

Coming Street Intersects — 

Pitt Street Intersects — 

No. 222, Old Bethel Church. 

This building was first erected at the corner of Pitt and Calhoun 
Streets, and in it, the sainted Wesley preached from the same 
pulpit as is now used. When the. present brick edifice was erected 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 63 

it was moved to the rear of the lot and used as a Sunday School 
building and was subsequently given to a colored congregation and 
moved across Calhoun Street to its present site. 

Smith Street Intersects — 

Ogier Street Commences — 

Rutledge Avenue Intersects — 

Nos. 258-266, St. Francis Xavier Infirmary. 

Here the the extensive buildings of the St. Francis Xavier 
Infirmary. This admirable institution is under the charge of the 
Sisters of Our Lady of Mercy and is a thoroughly equipped 
hospital doing valuable charity work and also open to private 
patients. It is a most important element in the hospital system of 
the city. 

Ashley Avenue Intersects — 

Lucas Street Intersects — 

No. 288, Riverside Infirmary. 

The residence, originally on the square, purchased for the city 
hospital, fronting on Calhoun Street, has been converted into a 
hospital for private patients and is known as the Riverside In- 
firmary. Its large and airy rooms, handsomely finished and looking 
out on a beautiful view of the Ashley River make it peculiarly 
suitable for its purpose. It is well managed and has been a great 
blessing to the community. 

In its rear has been erected a home for nurses, where careful 
instruction and accommodation is supplied them. 

Ashley River. 
SOUTH SIDE. 
Marsh Street Ends — 
Washington Street Intersects — 
East Bay Street Ends- 
Alexander Street Intersects — 
Wall Street Ends— 
Anson Street Ends — 

No. 123, Mt. Zion A. M. E. Church. 

This building was originally erected by the Presbyterians for 



64 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

their colored brethren who for many years prior to 1861, wor- 
shipped therein, under the ministration of the distinguished divine, 
Dr. Girardeau. After the war and the death of Dr. Girardeau, 
the congregation and the building was disposed of to a colored 
congregation, who have since worshipped therein. 

Meeting Street Intersects — 

No. 143, Columbus Hall. 

This very fine building, erected in recent years, is the home and 
meeting place of the Knights of Columbus. It has a large hall 
on the second floor, in which many public meetings and social 
gatherings are held. The Knights of Columbus is a very strong 
and influential association of Roman Catholics, covering in its 
work our whole country, the council in this city being one of the 
subsidiary societies of the National body. 

King and St. Philip Streets Intersect — 
College Street Ends- 
No. 203, Bishop England High School. Roman Catholic, and doing a 
very fine work. 

Pitt Street Intersects— 

No. 219, Church of Seventh Day Adventists. 

Which denomination bases its faith on the Bible as its only 
guiding rule. They observe the seventh day of the week as their 
Sabbath. 

Smith Street and Rutledge Avenue Intersect — 

No. 261, Jacob Washington Franke Lutheran Hospital and Home. 

C. D. Franke, a successful and generous merchant of our city, 
left in his will a fund to be devoted to the purchase and main- 
tenance of this most worthy charity. It was established in memory 
of his deceased son and "for the purpose of carrying on works of 
Christian charities in connection with the Evangelical Lutheran 
Church." It was placed in charge of and the property invested 
in the Evangelical Lutheran Charities Society, chartered in 1892. 
This fine old residence, with ample grounds, was purchased and 
fully equipped, and has done a good work in the scope intended 
by the large-hearted donor. 

Ashley Avenue Intersects— 



When in the Market For an Historical Plantation in 
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CHARLESTON, S. C. 
399 King St Phone 2093 



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Page 64 



Berry's Health and Physical 
Culture Sanatorium, Inc. 

CHARLESTON, S. G 
Phone 2071 57 Wentworth St. 

Also at the 

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Expert 

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Assistant 
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Expert Masseuse 

For Treatment of Ladies 



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Page 65 



Scattered Points of Interest 

(Streets Arranged Alphabetically) 

AMERICA STREET 

WEST SIDE. 

Southwest Corner Hampstead Square. St. Barnabas Lutheran 
Church. V. 

Erected in recent years to minister to the religious necessities 
of Lutherans in the northeastern section of the city. The con- 
gregation is flourishing and has done a splendid work amongst 
the people of that section and gathers many around its altars. 

Northwest Corner Hampstead Square. Hampstead Square M. E. 
Church. V. 

This fills a want in that section of the city for the Methodists 
and the building has been only recently erected. It fills its pur- 
poses well and the congregation is prosperous and doing a good 
work. 

This congregation is the legitimate successor of the first Metho- 
dist Church established in the city about the middle of the year 
1787 on Cumberland Street. The first building erected on that 
site was wooden and known as the "Blue Meeting House." The 
fire of 1838 destroyed this and a new brick church was erected 
and finished in 1839. This brick building was destroyed in the 
great fire of 1861. It is hoped that the good Methodists of this 
congregation will have all their sufferings from fire on this earth, 
and not be troubled in another world. 

The congregation was reorganized and a temporary building 
erected in 1883 in Hanover Street and the handsome structure 
was subsequently erected and they have a permanent home again. 

Blake Intersects — 

Corner of Cooper Street. Tabernacle Baptist Church. V. 

In the year 1888 some devoted members of the Citadel Square 
Baptist Church opened a mission in a room over a store at the 
corner of America and Blake Streets, and did very earnest work 
there for some time. 

The renowned songstress Emma Abbott visited the Citadel 
Square Church and was so cordially received that in her will she 



/ 



66 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

left $5,000 to the church. This nucleus, with other funds collected, 
enabled the purchase of the lot at the corner of Cooper and 
America Streets and the erection thereon of a modern church 
building which has been occupied and used ever since as a place 
of worship. 

The Cooper Street Mission of the Citadel Square Baptist Church 
was conducted for many years by a number of the members of 
that church, and a good Sunday School and other religious ser- 
vices regularly held. 

About 1918 the Home Mission Board of the Southern Baptist 
Convention took up the work, receiving a conveyance of the 
property from the church, and a church known as the Tabernacle 
Baptist Church has now been formed, and is continuing with 
increasing interest the work so earnestly done during many years 
past by the mission. 



ANSON STREET 
WEST SIDE. 

North of Laurens Street, No. 93, St. Joseph's Parochial School. V. 

This school was opened in 1887 in a commodious building spe- 
cially constructed. An annex was built in 1906 to accommodate 
the increased attendance. The principal and teachers are members 
of the Order of Our Lady of Mercy of this city with the pastor 
as superintendent. It is a grammar school with the usual grades 
and Christian doctrine is a specialty. 
No. 95, St. Joseph's Roman Catholic Church. V. 

This edifice previously used for divine worship was purchased 
in 1859 and dedicated as a Catholic Church. 

It was renovated by its first pastor, Very Rev. Leon Fillion, 
V. G., who officiated throughout the war of the Confederacy during 
which it was struck by a shell while the congregation was wor- 
shipping. 

Father Fillion was succeeded by Rev. C. J. Croghan who had 
served as Chaplain in the Army of Northern Virginia until the 
close of the war. In 1884 the church was improved and enlarged 
by Rev. F. J. Shadier, author of "The Beauties of the Catholic 
Church." 



ASHLEY AVENUE 
EAST SIDE. 

Cannon Street — 

No. 218, Church of the Holy Communion. V. 

Organized November 7, 1848, the first service was held in the 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 67 

home of the late Bishop Bowen, on Ashley Avenue, November 
12, 1848. Services were held in one of the buildings of the U.S. 
Arsenal, now occupied by the Porter Military Academy, until 
1855. 

The corner-stone of the first building was laid by Bishop Davis 
on the corner of Ashley Avenue and Cannon Street, November 
19, 1853. Later the plans were changed: and a larger building of a 
different style of architecture was completed on this site October 
27, 1855. A brick Sunday School building on the adjoining lot 
was contracted for in 1859. 

Dr. A. Toomer Porter's personal entry in the record from this 
date typifies the spirit in which this and even larger undertakings 
were to be brought to successful completion under his leadership: 
"I have borrowed the money from the Savings Institution, and 
have mortgaged my house for it. The work is begun without a 
dollar, in prayer and faith, for it is for God's glory in Christ, and 
He will not let me fail." Two days later Mr. George A. Trenholm 
gave him a check for $1,000, and eventually the whole was paid. 

In 1863, Mr. George A. Trenholm gave to Dr. Porter in trust 
a large lot on Rutledge Avenue and $50,000 for the erection of a 
handsome church upon it as soon as the war was over. Dr. Porter 
wished to invest this money in cotton, which he thought he could 
ship to England through the blockade at a large profit, but on the 
advice of others he invested in Confederate bonds instead, and 
thereby lost it all. 

Through the gift of Mr. Theodore D. Wagner the chancel was 
extended in 1868. In subsequent years by various extensions the 
church was brought to its present proportions. 

WEST SIDE. 
Broad Street- 
No. 55, Baker Sanatorium. V. 

Fine building, completely equipped and is rendering great work 
to the State. 

Beaufain Street Intersects — 

Pass eight cross streets. 

Doughty Street Intersects — 

No. 167-199, Porter Military Academy. V. 

Porter Military Academy was established by the Rev. Anthony 
Toomer Porter, D.D., in December, 1867, for the education of 



68 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

the boys of the State whose fathers had been killed or ruined by 
the War of Secession. In the beginning it took its name from 
that of the parish of which Mr. Porter was rector and was 
called the Holy Communion Church Institute. Later the name 
was changed to Porter Academy by the Trustees in the absence of 
Dr. Porter and when the military feature was added, the present 
name was adopted. 

It has become a national school. There are 25 States and three 
foreign countries represented in the student body. Its certificate 
is accepted in lieu of entrance examinations by all colleges and 
universities which grant that privilege to any preparatory school 
anywhere. The equipment consists of thirteen buildings, all of 
them brick but two. The War Department has detailed two 
commissioned and one non-commissioned officer. Artillery drill 
will be added as will also naval drills, the equipment for this 
latter being furnished by the Navy Department. This is the 
only school in South Carolina to have this distinction. 

While the Academy is under the guidance of the Episcopal 
Church, boys from all faiths are eligible for entrance if they 
meet the moral and financial requirements. Education has not 
been commercialized ; no one makes or can make any dividends 
or income from it. All of its life is built around the chapel 
services and that for which they stand ; the result is a good, 
wholesome tone. 

The courses offered prepare for any college course, or for 
filling commercial positions; the rule is not to employ any but 
teachers who have had successful experience as instructors and 
disciplinarians elsewhere and who expect to make teaching their 
life work. This means that the boys at Porter are in the hands 
of experts. The success of Porter boys in college and in after life 
demonstrate the wisdom of this course. 

Bee Street Intersects — 

Cannon Street Intersects — 

No. 229, Episcopal Church Home. V. 

The Diocesan Church Home of the Episcopal Church in South 
Carolina was founded in Charleston about 1849, for needy women 
and children. It gives a comfortable home to about twelve women 
of the church. The Bishop of the Diocese is President of the 
Board of Trustees, and the management of the institution is under 
the care of a number of ladies of the Episcopal Church in 
Charleston. Its support comes from the Diocese of South Caro- 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 69 

lina in general, and it can accommodate at least twenty inmates 
who may come to it from any part of the State. 



BEAUFAIN STREET 

SOUTH SIDE. 

Corner Wilson, No. 71, Calvary Church. V. 

This building was erected in 1848 by the Rev. Paul Trapier, 
D.D., Priest in charge, with the alms contributed by the mem- 
bers of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the City of Charleston 
for the worship of negro servants, "the bond and the free." 

The church building was consecrated on the 4th Sunday in 
Advent 1849 by the Bishop. 

The congregation was served by white clergymen until January, 
'1890; from that year it has been served by colored clergymen. 

This church building is the oldest in the United States erected 
for negroes, where they have worshipped regularly up to the 
present time. 

The policy of this church is city-wide in its efforts of moral, 
religious and civic uplift of the negro citizens. It is also in- 
terested in the Diocesan and general work of the church. 



CANNON STREET 

NORTH SIDE. 

Rutledge Avenue — 

No. 108, The Caroline Wilkinson Home. 

In November, 1868, Dr. Porter bought the lot at the rear of the 
church and established there an Orphans Home for Boys. Later 
this building was used for the head master's residence and bar- 
racks for the boys of the Holy Communion Church Institute. 
This school developed into the Porter Academy and when by 
special Act of Congress the grounds and buildings of the old 
U. S. Arsenal which it now occupies were acquired, Dr. Porter 
converted the former barracks into the "Caroline Wilkinson 
Home," which was formally opened on April 23, 1881. In the 
words of Dr. Porter its purpose was and is to "provide a home 
for ladies who are alone in the world, and who have not the means 
to provide for themselves that comfort and independence which 
their birth and culture make so essential to their well-being." 



70 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

SOUTH SIDE. 
King Street- 
No. 7, Fire Department, Cannon Street Station. 
St. Philip Street Intersects— 

No. 135, The Hospital 'and Training School for Nurses. 

This was founded in 1896. To give training in nursing to 
negro women and hospital opportunity to negro physicians of 
Charleston was the purpose for which it was established. The 
hospital is general in its scope, caring for both medical and sur- 
gical cases. It contains twelve private rooms, two wards for 
males, one for females and nurses' dormitories. 

The institution is under management of the Charleston County 
Medical Association which is composed of the negro physicians 
of Charleston and those of the allied professions — dentists and 
druggists. 

The institution accommodates fourteen student nurses. These 
attend the sick of the hospital and give service also in private 
families, both in and out of town, under physicians. 

The hospital is charitable as far as such might be possible, its 
only source of revenue being from patients treated here and pay 
received by nurses when employed in private families. The 
course is complete in three years of lectures, demonstrations and 
practical work. 



CHALMERS STREET 

NORTH SIDE. 

No. 6, Old Slave Market, so-called. V. 

Many visitors to the city, particularly those who have imbibed 
the traditional prejudices against old time Southern slavery, 
enquire for the tourists' traditional "Slave Market." As a matter 
of fact no such market existed in the city. Most of the Southern 
owners of slaves never sold them, and the workers on the various 
plantations — the best cared for peasantry the world has ever seen — 
passed by inheritance from father to son. But this class of prop- 
erty was subject to the same vicissitudes as all others and sales 
of slaves were necessary from time to time. We refer to this as 
conditions existing in the nineteenth century. Such sales were 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. . 71 

made by brokers, who had to lodge and feed the slaves while in 
their custody, and hence they required house room and often a 
room therein in which any auction sale took place. There were 
several such buildings in the neighborhood of Broad, State and 
Church Streets, but as has been said no general market for this 
purpose. The sale of slaves was largely discontinued, and when- 
ever possible families were not divided by such sales. Unfor- 
tunately the word "Slave" was given to the African — a word most 
distasteful to the ears of free men. But the condition of the 
Southern slave was the best of any peasantry in the world. They 
were cared for in youth and old age. Kept healthy, fed, clothed, 
and their spiritual wants catered to. It was the greatest compli- 
ment to the Southern people's good influence on the race, that in 
about one hundred years, they had raised it from cruel barbarism 
to be worthy, in the view of the statesmen of 1865, to become 
voting citizens of a white man's country. 

The same partisan history which stigmatizes the institution of 
slavery, designates this building as a Slave Market, which market, 
however, never existed. 



CHARLES STREET 

EAST SIDE. 
Queen Street — 
Clifford Alley Ends- 
No. 4, Alva Gage Public Library and Peoples Forum. V. 

The Alva Gage Free Public Library was founded in 1904, as a 
memorial to Alva Gage, a generous, public-spirited citizen of 
Charleston. It was the first public and only free public library 
in the city. It has about 3,000 well-selected books. It is supported 
and controlled by the Alva Gage Guild, an organization of young 
people of the Unitarian Church. 

The People's Forum was inaugurated in the winter of 1911-12, 
and is what its name implies, a forum for the discussion of all 
questions that concern the welfare of the public. It is non-sec- 
tarian and non-partisan. It affords an opportunity for a full and 
free discussion of all topics brought before it, and every speaker 
must consent to have his remarks argued by members of the 
audience, if they so desire. In February, 1919, the Forum was 



72 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

recognized and incorporated. Meetings are held on. Sunday even- 
ing in Alva Gage Hall, Archdale Street. 
No. 6-8, Unitarian Church. V. 

The Circular Church congregation having outgrown its building 
on Meeting Street, established another church on Archdale, now 
Charles, Street, just before the Revolution. They remained as 
one society until one of the pastors became a convert to Uni- 
tarianism, and he convinced of the truth of his belief about half 
the joint congregations. So, by amicable arrangement the Presby- 
terians kept the Circular Church, and the Unitarians became pos- 
sessed of the Archdale Street Church building. The old church 
building, a plain and substantial brick edifice, was said to have 
been used as a stable by the British during their occupancy of 
the city, 1780-1782. 

The building was remodeled, in fact practically reconstructed, 
and the new church dedicated April 2, 1854. It is the most 
perfect piece of architecture of its kind in the city. The style 
is the "Perpendicular,'"' the latest and richest of all the styles 
of Gothic architecture. Every part of the building, exterior and 
interior is complete ; the ceiling of the nave is that peculiar 
Gothic work styled ''fan tracery," and is exquisitely rich and beau- 
tiful. The great window in the rear of the church is in the 
richest style of design and finish, and is filled with figures of 
emblematic character. 

Recently a new organ has been placed in the choir, the gift of 
a friend of the church. 

In the church tower is the Samuel Gilman Memorial Room, 
created by the Harvard men of America who wished in some 
worthy way to commemorate the life and work of this distin- 
guished alumnus, the author of the famous college song "Fair 
Harvard," and who was for nearly forty years, pastor of the Uni- 
tarian Church in Charleston. This room was dedicated with 
appropriate services on April 16. 1916. 
Xos. 10-14, St. John's Lutheran Church. 

In 1757 John George Frederichs became pastor of a regularly 
organized Lutheran congregation, which worshipped temporarily 
in the French Huguenot Church. On December 17, 1759, the 
corner-stone of a quaint wooden church building was laid. The 
church was dedicated June 24, 1764, under the name of St. John's 
Church. 

The present building was dedicated January 18, 1818, under the 
pastorate of Rev. Dr. John Bachman. 

This is the oldest church of its faith in the South, founded in 
1757, and maintained vigorously to this day. The present church 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 73 

building was completed in 1818, and its fortress-like walls seem 
indestructible. The Parish house, located in Clifford Street, in use 
for half a century, is now giving place to a modern building fully- 
equipped for parish and community service. The parsonage, 
located at 31 Pitt Street, is a typical Charleston residence with all 
modern conveniences. 

For sixty years this church was served by the Rev. John Bach- 
man, D.D., the learned friend and co-laborer with Audubon, the 
famous French naturalist, and during his pastorate the congrega- 
tion was largely instrumental in establishing Newberry College, 
and also the Theological Seminary now at Columbia, S. C. The 
present pastor (in 1919) is the Rev. George J. Gongaware, whose 
pastorate dates from June 1, 1913. 

The congregation numbers 300 members and the Sunday School 
has 250 names enrolled. The services are characterized by rev- 
erent dignity and musical charm, and the activity of the people in 
civic and social matters at home and in the work of the church 
at large is very praiseworthy. 

Many handsome memorials are to be seen here, among the most 
notable are the old mahogany pulpit, the altar and font, the can- 
delabra and communion rail. Many of the oldest Charleston 
family names are found in its records and on the grave stones 
in its church yard are many old and quaint inscriptions and de- 



CHARLOTTE STREET 

Foot of, on Cooper River, G. W. McCabe & Company's cotton 
compress. 



CLEVELAND STREET 

WEST. END. 

Hampton Park. V. 

At the end of Cleveland Street and between it and, the river lies 
beauteous Hampton Park. The lands embraced in the park were 
acquired and used for the Inter-State and West Indian Exposition 
and when it closed were taken over by the city and devoted to a 
park. It is therefore comparatively new, but its development, 
the growth of its foliage, the general aspect has been perfectly 
wonderful in this short time. It is an ideally beautiful spot and 
furnishes recreation room to the children and people of the city. 
The sunken gardens, with the water and the ducks and geese 



74 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

sailing over the glistening surface, the ornamental plants clustering 
around its borders, is a great attraction. All around and on the 
high ground on either side, is a luxuriant growth of roses, ever- 
greens and annuals. Part of the grounds, on its western edge, 
bordering on the river has been donated to the State for the 
erection of new buildings for the Citadel, the State Military Col- 
lege. Overlooking the park, on the one side and the winding 
Ashley River on the other, it makes a most admirable site for this 
State College, which has had such a wonderful career and out- 
grown its old location on Marion Square. 



COLUMBUS STREET 

NORTH SIDE. 

Corner of Bay Street. Union Passenger Station. V. 

Ail railways entering the city go into this depot. Atlantic Coast 
Line — for travel north and to upper Carolina. Southern Railway — 
for travel west and northwest. Atlantic Coast Line — for travel 
south and southwest. Seaboard Air Line — for travel north and 
south. Offices Atlantic Coast Line are in the building. 

SOUTH SIDE. 
Bay Street- 
Site of British Half Moon Battery. 

Until about 1876 the remains of this battery stood in an un- 
occupied lot, forming the square between Bay and Drake Street, 
and northward bounded by Columbus. This battery was erected 
by the British against the American lines, during the siege of 
Charleston in 1780. The British forces had crossed the Ashley 
River and threw their lines across the Xeck. the left resting on the 
Cooper River at this point. From this line they advanced by 
parallels up to the American works. 

Drake Street Intersects — 

Xo. 63. The Charleston Home. 

This building was erected about the middle of the nineteenth 
century as a cotton mill. The venture having failed, it was finally 
bought by the city, and converted into a Home for the Poor. 
It is supported by the city, and has done a good work of relief to 
many suffering, giving comfortable homes to numbers who could 
not procure them otherwise. 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 75 

COMING STREET 

EAST SIDE. 

Calhoun Street — 

No. 100, Colored Young Women's Christian Association. 

This is a branch of the Y.W.C.A., and is working well amongst 
our colored population. The building is well equipped and well 
managed, reflecting the utmost credit upon those who are carrying 
on the good work. In spite of all that the partial historians say 
as to the South's treatment of the negro race, the fact stands, 
that their being raised from barbarism to civilization is due to 
the efforts of the white race and largely that of the women of that 
race. No better example of this can be given than by the estab- 
lishment and support of this branch of the white Y. W. C. A. 
organization. 

Vanderhorst Street Intersects — 

Nos. 126-136, St. Paul's Church. V. 

The congregation of St. Paul's was organized in 1810 under the 
Rev. Dr. Percy. They worshipped first in the Huguenot Church, 
then unoccupied. The congregation was incorporated December 
21, 1814, and the first vestry elected in 1815. The corner-stone of 
the church was laid November 19, 1811, and the building conse- 
crated March 28, 1816. 

Dr. Percy was an English clergyman, who came first to Georgia 
in 1772, to take charge as president of the college which was 
established at Bethesda, ten miles from Savannah, by Whitefield. 
Whitefield bequeathed it to Lady Huntington, who appointed Dr. 
Percy to the presidency and sent him to America with missionary 
instructions to officiate wherever he could collect an audience. 
It is said that while in Georgia he frequently preached in the 
fields under the shade of a tree. 

The style of architecture is modern, with a Gothic tower ; the 
front is adorned with a handsome portico, composed of four 
Doric columns, supporting an angular pediment. This is the 
largest Episcopal church in the city ) formerly it was furnished 
with the old fashioned square pews, but these have been replaced 
by modern and very comfortable low pews, the effect of which 
is to add to the spacious appearance of the interior. 



76 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

CUMBERLAND STREET 

SOUTH SIDE. 

Church Street- 
No. 23, The Old Powder Magazine. V. 

This building was used as a powder magazine in the early days 
of the city, but when its boundaries had been extended far beyond 
the original walls on Cumberland Street. During the British siege 
in 1780, a shell fell near it, which showed its danger, and it was 
abandoned as a powder magazine. 

In recent years it has come into the possession of the Colonial 
Dames, and is owned by the Charleston branch thereof, and in 
it are now gathered many valued colonial relics. 
No. 25, The First Brick House built in the City. 

On the authority of Dr. Shecut, in his topography of Charlestown, 
written in 1719, the first brick house built in the town was the 
two-story house in Cumberland Street, the residence of Attorney 
General Trott, immediately west of the old powder magazine. 
Up to a recent date it stood in its original form, but now it has 
been remodeled and an additional story added. 



ELIZABETH STREET 

EAST SIDE. 
Charlotte Street— 

Nos. 20-22, St. Luke's Church. 

On December 1, 1857, a meeting was held for the purpose of 
establishing an Episcopal Church in the northeastern part of the 
city. A temporary building of rough boards was erected on a 
triangular piece of land at the intersection of Elizabeth and 
Chapel Streets, and opened for service on Sunday, May 2, 1858. 
In 1859 the corner-stone of the present building was laid, and 
though delayed by the war, it was sufficiently progressed for per- 
manent use and consecration on February 15, 1862. 

The church was appropriately furnished and regularly used until 
October 7, 1864, when it became unsafe from the shelling of the 
city, and the furniture was removed ; all this, except the font 
and two chairs was destroyed after the evacuation of the city, 
and the church was stripped by the Federal troops and desecrated 
by political meetings and the exercises of a colored female school. 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 77 

In October, 1865, it was restored to the vestry, and reopened. 
Externally it has not been finished, but internally there are twelve 
clustered columns from the nave, which is a - perfect square, and 
lighted on each of the four sides by single Gothic windows. 
From the capitals of eight of these columns spring Tudor arches, 
forming in their fan-shaped combinations a geometric Gothic 
ceiling, octagonal in outline and exceedingly unique in effect. In 
the center of the ceiling, uniting the arches is an elaborately 
ornamented pendant. 

The communion service was made from pieces of old family 
silver, contributed by members of the congregation and used for 
the first time on Sunday the 3rd of April, 1859. In 1880 the con- 
gregation of St. Stephen's Chapel, Anson Street, was united with 
that of St. Luke's. 



EXCHANGE STREET 

NORTH SIDE. 

East of East Bay, The Cotton Exchange. 

This exchange, most valuable to the large cotton business of 
this port, was organized June 26, 1872, and incorporated March 
21, 1876. 

The purposes of this association are to provide and keep up in 
a proper manner an exchange for the use and benefit of its 
members, and for the advantage of the whole business community 
of Charleston ; to establish necessary rules for transactions be- 
tween members, and to adjust controversies upon equitable prin- 
ciples ; to give uniformity and certainty to the usages and cus- 
toms now of force, to provide and keep permanent standards of 
classification ; to record and publish the commercial statistics of 
this market and port, and to increase and facilitate business gen- 
erally. 

It is governed by a president, six directors, the detailed man- 
agement being in the hands of a superintendent. 



FISHBURNE STREET 

SOUTH SIDE. 

Rutledge Avenue — 

No. 31, Knox Presbyterian Church. V. 

On April 26, 1914, Knox Presbyterian Church was organized 



78 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

by a commission appointed by the Charleston Presbytery. The 
organization consisted of sixty-two members. The same day of 
the organization a congregational meeting was held and a call 
extended to the present pastor. 

For several years a mission Sunday School had been conducted 
and supported by the Presbyterians of Charleston at 31 Fishburne 
Street, where the Knox congregation continues to worship. They 
now have a membership of 110 members. 



FRANKLIN STREET 

EAST SIDE. 
Queen Street — 

No. 20, Jenkins Orphanage. V. 

This worthy object occupies a commodious building, originally 
used as a naval hospital by the United States. It was given for 
the purposes now used, by the Government. The useful pursuits 
are taught the pupils and it is doing a great work in fitting them 
to be self-supporting men. 

The Rescue Home for Girls only, 36 Magazine Street ; The 
Reform School, Greenwood ; and Industrial Farm, Ladson, S. C. ; 
The Mission School, 13 Palmetto Street, City; The Mission 
School, 25 Franklin Street, City; all are run under the auspices 
of the Orphan Aid Society, organized October 15, 1891. Schools 
are taught daily, with a corps of teachers and workers numbering 
42. The Charleston Messenger is one of the leading industries at 
20 Franklin Street, at the boys' building. 



GEORGE STREET 

NORTH SIDE. 

Meeting Street — 

Xo. 24, The High School of Charleston. 

The High School of Charleston, founded in 1839, the work and 
thought of the Hon. Richard Yeadon, then not so generally 
recognized as now, that the higher education should be offered 
to a larger circle of our youth. 

The school was opened on Monday, July 1, 1839, in a building 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S . C. 79 

on Burns Lane. In 1840 the number of pupils in attendance having 
been largely increased,- two buildings on Society Street were 
occupied by the school, until the erection in 1841 of a school house 
on Society Street near Anson, which was occupied for the pur- 
pose for forty years. In 1881 the trustees purchased the large 
house and grounds at the corner of George and Meeting Streets 
in order to provide for the immediate wants of the institution. 

In addition to the change of location a complete reorganiza- 
tion was made. The course of study was revised and enlarged. 
The study of Latin and other languages was made obligatory. For 
nearly twenty years the policy was maintained of adhering to the 
strictly classical idea. In the year 1900 a business course was 
added to the curriculum with the purpose of affording a practical 
and technical education such as is offered in commercial schools 
and colleges. 

In the year 1912 an industrial or vocational department was 
added to the school. Instruction is given in mechanical drawing, 
elementary mechanics, and wood work. To this will be added 
iron forging and electricity. The school now offers, free of 
charge, to all boys resident in the city a selection of three well- 
rounded courses of study — classical, commercial and industrial. 
The school is also equipped with a gymnasium, where under the 
charge of a physical director, the pupils are required to exercise 
daily. 

It is worthy of note that the graduates of the school take high 
rank, not only in the local and State institutions, but wherever 
they continue' their education, finding themselves well prepared 
for the work demanded of them, and demonstrating that the 
school is what one of its most ardent and enthusiastic supporters 
wished it to be, "a gateway to higher education, to mercantile 
and professional life and the liberal arts in this city." 
No. 26, Young Men's Christian Association. 

This splendid building is the present evidence of the great 
work accomplished in this city by this Association. Unless it 
had appealed to a community want and by its efforts showed 
that it was really developing the noble Christian manhood of 
the city, it never could have won that financial backing which 
enabled it to erect this building so admirably suited to its necessi- 
ties. The Association was organized early in 1854 by many promi- 
nent citizens and the help of the Protestant Church organizations. 
It had several homes, each larger and better equipped, until at 
last the present building was erected and occupied in 1912. It is 
complete in every department and offers exceptional advantages 
for the development of all that is good in the physical, moral, 



80 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

mental and religious tendencies of the men of the city, making 
them truer and better. Words fail to describe all the good this 

Association has accomplished and it will not be attempted. 

King Street Intersects — 

Xo. 54. The Gregorian Hall. 

The hall of the Gregorian Society, which does most effective 
work among the Roman Catholic men of the city. A very fine, 
convenient and commodious building. 
Between St. Philip and College Streets, The College of Charleston. V. 

A meeting was held in Charleston in 1770 to consider the pro- 
priety of ''petitioning the Assembly for the establishment of a 
college in or near Charleston." . As a result of the meeting there 
were many donations and bequests by private citizens, but the 
war of the Revolution following soon after, no further action 
was taken until March. 1785, when the endowment having in- 
creased to about $60,000 a charter was granted and certain lands 
appropriated for the use of the College, and in August of that 
year the first meeting of the trustees was held. His Excellency 
General Moultrie, the Governor of the State, presiding and the 
board comprising the most distinguished men of the State. 

In 1790 the institution was opened to students, and in 1794, the 
first commencement was held "in the presence of a numerous and 
elegant assembly of gentlemen and ladies, the Rt. Rev. Robert 
Smith, principal of the college, presiding in his Cambridge 
(England) gown and trencher." 

In 1791 a new charter of broad and liberal character was 
granted, but its income being inadequate the college fell into 
difficulties and most of its lands were sold to defray the cost of 
necessary buildings, and the salaries of teachers, and for thirteen 
years the college plan was suspended and a seminary or high 
school substituted. In 1824, however, the college system was re- 
established, a subscription opened, and so liberal were the con- 
tributions of the people of Charleston and the surrounding country, 
that a new edifice, the center building of the present pile, was 
erected in 1828. at a cost of $25,000. 

In 1837 a reorganization was made and an arrangement effected 
by which the property of the college was transferred to the city, 
in trust, for the re-establishment and maintenance of the insti- 
tution on an improved plan. 

The college has been the recipient of much generosity. Its two 
largest benefactors were the Hon. Kerr Boyce. leaving $35,400, 
and Ephraim Baynard, Esq., who left the great sum of $166,000. 



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GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 81 

The city has also endowed the institution and an Act of the 
Legislature authorized the appropriation of part of the proceeds 
of escheated lands in Charleston to the use of the college. There 
have been besides, many bequests and donations. The college 
is thus unusually well endowed for a southern institution, and 
its present condition is prosperous. Recently free tuition scholar- 
ships have been established for one student from each county 
in the State, and an admirably appointed house provided for a 
dormitory, where students can live at extremely moderate cost. 
The building in its architecture is a combination of the colonial 
and classic Greek, simple and correct. Recently co-education has 
been established. 

The college library is in a building of ornamental construction 
on the west of the campus. It contains about 20,000 volumes and 
is a particularly valuable collection. 

SOUTH SIDE. 
Meetfrig Street- 
No. 21, Young Women's Christian Association. V. 

The building, an old family residence, is the home of this 
Association, enlarged by a commodious building facing on Society 
Street, the premises running through from George to Society 
Street. The local Association was organized in 1903, and has 
made a most marvelous growth, and useful development. The 
splendid quarters they now occupy are proof of this. They have 
rooms for girls and every convenience and attraction to make 
them truly homes for those needing them. They have a swimming 
pool, athletic and recreation rooms, and many other attractions 
to make the girls enjoy their hours of rest, all under such direction 
that much is learned in the very best manner. Night classes for 
education of the girls employed during the day immensely help 
the uplift work. 

A cafeteria occupies the basement, not only for the use of the 
inmates, but also for the public, who give it a generous patronage. 
The Girl Reserve movement is urged by the Y. W. C. A., and 
this influence must ensure large results. It is most pointedly put 
in their earnest appeal. "Girls, join the Girl Reserves — the Blue 
Triangle Girls of the Y. W. C. A. It is now time that the 
Patriotic League girls, instead of occupying themselves in war 
time recreation, should link themselves up with the Reconstruc- 
tion Program and work and play in smaller groups, becoming 
part of the international Girl Reserve movement. Slogan: To 



82 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

face life squarely. Purpose: To find and give the best. Code 
As a Girl Reserve I will be : 

Gracious in manner, 

Impartial in judgment, 

Ready for service, 

Loyal to friends, 

Reaching toward the best, 

Earnest in purpose, 

Seeing the beautiful, 

Eager for knowledge, 

Reverent to God, 

Victorious over self, 

Ever dependable, 

Sincere at all times." 



GROVE STREET 

SOUTH SIDE. 

Meeting Street — 

No. 23, St. Andrew's Mission. V. 

Started in 1902 by Messrs. C. D. Schirmer and Thos. H. Hazle- 
hurst, under the auspices of the Brotherhood of St. Andrew, from 
which it takes its name. First cottage services were held, then 
two rooms were borrowed, after which the present room was 
donated. The men had no money, but borrowed enough to buy 
an organ and other needed things for the work. At the end of 
two years there was a Sunday School of 65 children and adults, 
library of 100 books, night school held twice a week, free reading 
room with games for men, several baptisms, two confirmation 
classes, instructed by Rev. H. J. Mikell, now Bishop of Atlanta, 
Ga., debts paid and $25.00 in the bank. The work was then 
turned over to the Holy Communion Church, under the leader- 
ship of Mr. Elias Ball. 



HANOVER STREET 



EAST SIDE. 
Amherst Street — 



No. 20-22, St. John's Protestant Episcopal Chapel. V. 

This mission of the Episcopal Church was organized in 1839. 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 83 

Present church building consecrated July 14, 1840. Rev. Alex. 

W. Marshall had charge in 1841, and served it with great zeal 
and efficiency until his death in 1876. 



HASELL STREET 

NORTH SIDE. 
Anson Street — 

No. 48, St. Johannes Evangelical Lutheran Church. V. 

It was organized in the year 1878. Services are held on Sun- 
days at 11 o'clock in the morning and at 8:15 in the evening. Its 
purpose is to preach the Gospel and administer the Sacraments. 
There is always a warm welcome for friends and strangers. 

It has a live and active Sunday School, the exercises being held 
each Sunday morning at 9:45 o'clock. There are connected with 
the church a Ladies' Aid Society, a Ladies' Dorcas Society, 
a Luther League, and a Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary 
Society. All of these hold regular meetings and are actively en- 
gaged in the ministry of mercy and the extension of the Kingdom 
at home and abroad. 

This building was first erected for the use of St. Matthews 
Congregation in 1841. 
No. 58, Col. Rhett's House. 

There are many old — old for this new country — buildings in 
the city, and amongst them is this house built by Col. Rhett John- 
son, in his Traditions, says it was in an excellent condition in 
1722. It is a large old time square house, four large rooms to 
each floor and the entrance, as was the custom, through a piazza 
on the west side. General Wade Hampton was born in this 
house. 

Meeting Street Intersects — 

No. 74, The Hebrew Synagogue. V. 

In 1750, the first meeting of Israelites in Charleston of which 
any record remains, was held, and a congregation organized repre- 
sented in the present synagogue ; the name then adopted, and 
still retained is Kadal Kadosh Beth Elohim (Holy Congrega- 
tion of the House of God). The congregation was incorporated 
in 1781, and the first Synagogue consecrated 1794. After several 
changes of location the lot on Hasel Street was purchased, and a 
building erected on it, this proving too small a new building was 



84 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

undertaken and completed and consecrated September 19, 1794. 
It was destroyed by a great fire that swept over that part of the 
city on the night of April 27, 1838. A brick tabernacle was erected 
on the lot, and a subscription opened for the rebuilding of the 
synagogue, to which liberal contributions were made by Israelites 
all over the State, and by persons of other denominations. The 
corner-stone was laid January 3, 1840, and the building completed 
February, 1841, and consecrated in March, 1843. It is a brown- 
stone building in the Athenian style, very handsomely built, but 
lacking the proper situation to show it to advantage. The interior 
is handsome and complete in all details. The arrangement Was 
altered in 1879 by the introduction of pews and the removal of 
the reading desk from the center of the building to the east 
The organ, scrolls of the law and records were sent to Columbia 
during the war and were destroyed at the burning of that city 
in 1865. These have been subsequently replaced. 

To this association is due the credit of originating in 1824 the 
Jewish Reform Movement in the United States. 

SOUTH SIDE. 

Anson Street — 

Nos. 57-61, Trinity M. E. Church. V. 

This church was a branch of the Cumberland Church built for 
the occupation of a part of the congregation, who seceded, under 
the leadership of Rev. Wm. Hammett. The first building was 
erected before 1813. In purchasing the lot Mr. Hammett took 
the property in his name, and at his death left it to the next 
pastor, the Rev. Mr. Brazier, and thereafter to the congregation. 
Mr. Brazier sold it to an Episcopal Congregation, and by them 
was consecrated to church use. The Methodists were of course 
very much incensed and took legal proceedings to recover the 
property. Their lawyer advised them that if they could gain 
peaceful possession it would strengthen their prospects. So a 
good Methodist brother during an Episcopal service took all the 
keys from the doors, and when the congregation was dismissed, 
summoned the Methodists, locked the doors, barred the windows 
and held peaceful possession of the church continuously by alter- 
nating reliefs, in which the women took part, until the suit was 
decided in their favor. During this occupancy a baby was born 
in the building, and this baby became one of the most spiritual, 
beloved and distinguished Bishops of the Conference. 

The present building, erected on the same lot as the old church, 
was dedicated in 1903, and is far more commodious, convenient 
and modern than the one, which it replaced. 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 85 

Maiden Lane Commences — 
Meeting Street Intersects — 

No. 79, St. Mary's Church. 

This is the Mother Church of the territory now composing the 
dioceses of Charleston, Savannah and the Vicariate Apostolic of 
North Carolina, or the three States of North and South Carolina 
and Georgia. The congregation was organized in 1794. 

The original church was a frame building purchased from a 
Protestant congregation in 1798 and stood on the site of the 
present edifice. This building was destroyed by fire in 1836, and 
the present one was erected on the same site. 

It is in Roman style, and one of the handsomest church build- 
ings in these dioceses. In 1897 the interior of the church was 
beautifully frescoed and improved. Beautiful memorial Munich 
stained glass windows were put in place of the old ones, a hand- 
some marble altar erected through the generosity of the Misses 
McNulty, a new organ purchased and the walls beautifully fres- 
coed and hung with elaborate paintings by a celebrated Roman 
artist. The cemetery contains many historic monuments, dating 
back to revolutionary times, inscribed in many tongues. 

The old cemetery of St. Mary's Church is one of the most 
interesting spots in Charleston. Nearly seventy years ago Bishop 
England wrote of it: "The cemetery of this church which is now 
in the center of the city, affords in the; inscriptions of its monu- 
ments, the evidence of the Catholicity of those whose ashes it 
contains. You may find the American and the European side 
by side. France, Germany, Poland, Ireland, Italy, Spain, England, 
Portugal, Massachusetts, Brazil, New York and Mexico have 
furnished those who worshipped at the same altar with the African 
and Asiatic, whose remains are there deposited; during life they 
were found all professing one faith derived from a common 
source ; after death their remains commingle. The family of 
the Count De Grasse, who commanded the fleets of France, near 
the Commodore of the United States and his partner, sleep in the 
hope of being resuscitated by the same trumpet, to proceed from 
their neighboring beds of earth to the possession of thrones pur- 
chased by the blood of their common Redeemer." 

The tomb of the daughters of the Count De Grasse has recently 
been restored. A bronze tablet replaces the old coat of arms on 
the marble, a copy of the coat of arms having been secured by 
the French Ambassador, Mr. H. Jusserand. 



86 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

HAYNE STREET 

SOUTH SIDE. 
Church Street- 
No. 21, Armory of Charleston Light Dragoons. V. 

This is the home of next to the oldest, if not the oldest military 
organization, still existing, in this country. The early records 
are imperfect, but it certainly was in existence under the name of 
the "Charleston Horse Guard" in 1733. During the Revolution 
the name was changed to its present one. It was a very popular 
organization during that war, and had certainly three Troops, 
if not more. After the Revolution it then maintained this for- 
mation. 

It did splendid service during the War of Secession, first on 
the coast of South Carolina and afterwards, as a troop of the 
4th South Carolina Cavalry, in Virginia. It suffered so heavily 
in the campaign of 1864, and particularly at tfie battle of Hawes 
Shop, that the remnants were used as the headquarters guard 
and couriers of General M. C. Butler's division. They did ser- 
vice on the Mexican border during the recent trouble there. When 
the country entered the great World War the company at once 
volunteered and were assigned to duty as the headquarters troop 
of the famous 30th Division. Its age entitles it to respect, but 
its long career of valorous service, in every emergency, while en- 
dearing it to this community, won it respect and admiration. 



HUDSON STREET 

NORTH SIDE. 

Meeting Street — 

No. 6, Armory of the Sumter Guards. V. 

The Sumter Guards was organized in 1832 under the command 
of Capt. Stephen Elliott, with headquarters on Broad Street, near 
where the Chamber of Commerce now stands. There was little 
activity until the fall of 1860 when under the leadership of Capt. 
John Russell it was prepared for service, and on April 8, 1861, 
went into camp on Morris Island, they taking an active part in 
the defense of Charleston, and were active through all the hard 
days which followed. The company has a glorious record, and 
have proved that it has always been made up of men of the very 
highest type. The company served on the Mexican border as 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 87 

Company A, 2nd South Carolina Infantry, and in France as 
Company A, 105th Ammunition Train (30th Division, U.S.A.), 
during the World War. It served in every emergency with dis- 
tinguished valor and the greatest efficiency. It is a great honor 
to be a member of this company. 



HUGER STREET 

NORTH SIDE. 

Rutledge Avenue — 

No. 12, Fire Department, Huger Street Station. 



JASPER STREET 

WEST SIDE. 

Radcliffe Street— 

Nos. 13-17, Simonton School. 

Elementary School for colored children ; one principal, one vice 
principal, 16 teachers, 1,050 children. Erected in 1860 for white 
pupils. During the war between the States it housed many of the 
pupils transferred from the schools in the lower part of the city, 
as those buildings were within the range of Federal gunfire. This 
building, by order of the War Department, was placed under the 
control of the Freedmen's Bureau, in 1867. In September 1867 
it was opened for the education of the colored people. Named 
in honor of the Hon. Charles R. Simonton, U. S. District and 
Circuit Judge and Chairman of the Board of School Commis- 
sioners for 19 years. An addition was made to the school in 1912. 



JOHN STREET 

NORTH SIDE. 

Meeting Street- 
No. 46, Fire Department, Hook and Ladder Station. 



LEGARE STREET 

EAST SIDE. 

Broad Street- 
No. 68, The Convent of our L,ady of Mercy and the Academy 
thereof are housed in the new and fine buildings, attractive and use- 



88 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

fill. Publicity is not given to convent life or work, so this notice 
must be brief. One can only refer to the exterior appearance of the 
buildings which indicates that the good Sisters and the children 
they so nobly instruct, are well cared for and most comfortably 
housed. 

WEST SIDE. 
Broad Street- 
No. 67-69, Crafts School. V. 

Elementary school for white pupils. One principal, 16 teachers, 
700 pupils. Built 1882. Remodeled 1915. Named in honor of 
Mr. Wr. Crafts, Jr., orator and writer, the defender of the 
cause of public education in the legislature of 1813. 

The original building was erected in 1859, and was destroyed 
by the great fire of 1861. After that fire the pupils were dis- 
tributed in several buildings. Pupils and teachers of this school 
were moved up to what is now the Bennett School in the fall 
of 1863, because of the shelling of the lower part of the city by 
the Federal forces on Morris Island. 



LOGAN STREET 

EAST SIDE. 

Tradd Street- 
No. 6, St. Peter's Church Cemetery. 

On this site stood St. Peter's P. E. Church, which was destroyed 
by the great fire of 1861, It has never been rebuilt, but the ceme- 
tery remains, sacred with its host of honored dead, among whom 
are the Hon. C. G. Memminger, Secretary of the Confederate 
Treasury, lawyer, educator, and most distinguished citizen of 
our State. 



LUCAS STREET 

WEST SIDE. 

No. 1, The King's Daughters Day Nursery. 

To aid the working women in taking care of their children during 
working hours, this most admirable charity was established and 
has done a good work for many years, but only in 1919 was it 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 89 

established in its present commodious and convenient quarters. 
It is supported by the King's Daughters, who are doing Christ's 
work in this respect. 

Calhoun Street Intersects — 

Nos. 9-15, The Roper Hospital. 

Upon the very serious damage to the old Roper Hospital and 
the almost total destruction of the city hospital buildings in the 
rear of it by the earthquake of 1886, it was determined by the 
City Council to organize a new and complete hospital establish- 
ment. For this purpose the square bounded by Calhoun Street on 
the south, Mill Street on the north, Lucas Street on the east and 
Coming's Creek on the west and including a very fine residence, 
was purchased. 

Here the present building was erected on the most modern and 
scientific plans. The main building of brick extends two hun- 
dred and seventy by thirty-two feet on the Lucas Street side. 

The hospital is maintained by the city, under the management 
of the Medical Society. The Womet's Auxiliary aids materially 
in providing comforts for the inmates. 

EAST SIDE. 

Calhoun Street — 

No. 16, The Medical College of South Carolina. V. 

The Act authorizing the establishment of the Medical College 
of South Carolina was passed in December, 1823. In the fall of 
1824 the college was opened. In 1825 the Governor recommended 
an appropriation of $10,000 for the aid and advancement of the 
Medical College, which was adopted by the legislature, and in 
1830, the sum of $70,000 was appropriated for the college. In 
1838 the name of the college was changed to that of the Medical 
College of the State of South Carolina. During the four years' 
War of Secession exercises were suspended and in 1865, the col- 
lege was reopened and has been in continuous operation ever 
since. 

In 1881, by the amendment of the charter, the Medical College 
was empowered by the legislature to create a department of 
pharmacy. In accordance with this act the department was or- 
ganized in 1882, but was discontinued. Ten years later at the 
session of 1894-5, the department of pharmacy was reopened and 
has continued in operation ever since. 

In February, 1913, the State Legislature, realizing the extreme 



90 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

importance of medical and pharmaceutical training, and upon the 
recommendation of the Governor, passed a bill making the Medi- 
cal College of the State of South Carolina a State College in fact 
as it long had been in name. 

In April, 1913, a fund of $76,000 was raised, chiefly by popular 
subscription in Charleston, for the purpose of providing a building 
suitable to the requirements of modern medical teaching. The 
site occupied by the new college was donated by the City of 
Charleston. In 1917, the department of Public Health and Pre- 
ventive Medicine was created. 

Courses leading to the degree of Doctor of Medicine, Certified 
Sanitarian, Graduates in Pharmacy and Doctors of Pharmacy 
are given at the college. 



MAGAZINE STREET 

Logan Street — 

The County Jail. V. 

Occupying the entire front of the square is the county jail and 
its yard. As none of our readers are expected to have any interest 
in this institution, extended notice is omitted. However, if any 
should like to take up quarters therein, accommodations will 
be furnished by the County Sheriff, on the warrant of a magistrate. 
Assault another and do not take leg bail or offer security, and 
one will be able to enjoy the hospitalities of this mansion. 



MARKET STREET 

East Bay Street- 
Charleston Market. V. 

Running down the center of Market Street from Meeting to 
East Bay is the old-time city market. It was established between 
1788-1804. In old times all household marketing was purchased 
there. An ordinary sight was to see a well-dressed gentleman 
followed by a servant, with a large basket on his arm, going 
from stall to stall, selecting the choicest cuts and best vegetables 
for his family dinner. It was crowded with stalls for the sale 
of meats, fish, vegetables and fruit, and the market hours of the 
early morning presented a most vivacious scene. The custom has 
entirely changed, and the green grocers situated in all parts of 
the city offer greater convenience and are indispensable under 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 91 

modern social conditions. This has led to an almost entire 
abandonment of the market and not one-fourth of the space is now 
occupied. 

At the foot of Market Street was the fish market, where the 
negro fishermen landed to dispose of their catches. At its head 
is the Market Hall, a fine building, architecturally one of the 
finest in the city, and correct in the details of Grecian architecture. 



MARY STREET 

NORTH SIDE. 

America Street — 

Nos. 18-22, Shaw School. V. 

Elementary school for colored children. One principal, two 
vice principals, 15 teachers, 800 pupils. This building was erected 
by the Trustees of the Shaw Memorial Fund through subscriptions 
raised at the North. It was transferred to the City Board of 
School Commissioners in 1874. Later it was remodeled and en- 
larged. Again added to in 1912. Named in honor of Col. Robert 
G. Shaw of Boston, commander of a regiment of colored troops, 
who was killed in the attack on Battery Wagner on Morris Island 
in 1863. 



NORTH ATLANTIC WHARF 

East of East Bay Street, Office of Charleston Terminal Co. 

Owning and operating the railways along the Cooper River 
front. There is a freight station and commodious warehouses at 
the foot of Columbus Street, with adequate docks for handling, 
principally, cargoes. 



PERRY STREET 

EAST SIDE. 

Shepard Street — 

The Julian Mitchell School. V. 

Elementary school for white pupils. One principal, 25 teachers, 
1,100 pupils, erected in 1908. Named in honor of the Hon. Julian 
Mitchell, distinguished lawyer, former Chairman of the Board of 



92 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

School Commissioners. In its front and occupying the entire 
square is the children's play ground, open and across which the 
school building can be seen from Rutledge Avenue. 



PITT STREET 

WEST SIDE. 

Bull Street— 

Xos. 55-57, Bethel Church. V. 

Where the present tasteful structure stands on the corner of 
Pitt and Calhoun Streets once stood the plain wooden building 
which was the second house of worship erected in the city by the 
early Methodists. This building was afterward a gift to the 
negroes and has been removed to the north side of Calhoun Street, 
and is the property of the M. E. Church. The present building 
was erected in 1830-1853. being dedicated in 1853. This congrega- 
tion has been composed of live progressive men and women of 
faith and piety, and owing to this and its central location in the 
city has filled a large place in the moral and religious uplift 
of the city. A convenient chapel stands near the church on 
Calhoun Street, where the Sunday School and Epworth League 
hold their meetings. 



PRESIDENT STREET 

WEST SIDE. 

Fishburne Street — 

Colored Industrial School. 

Elementary industrial school for colored children. One prin- 
cipal. 15 teachers. 450 pupils. Erected in 1910. A portion of the 
money was raised by subscription through the Peabody Fund and 
through certain individuals in Xew York City. Contributions for 
salaries have also been received from the Slater Fund. Domestic 
science, sewing, millinery, laundry, agriculture, carpentry, cabinet 
making, and painting are taught. 



QUEEN STREET 

NORTH SIDE. 

Charles Street— 

Xos. 120-124. City Orphan Asylum. 

This building houses a most worthy charity. One maintained 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 93 

by the city and well maintained. While under the management 
of the Sisters of Mercy, it is non-sectarian. It has done and is 
doing a splendid work, and is most admirably kept. 

SOUTH SIDE. 

King Street — 

Nos. 105-115. 

This building, after the destruction of the cathedral by the great 
fire of 1861, was erected and used as a pro-cathedral, until the 
present cathedral was consecrated. It is used now as a Catholic 
school. 



RUTLEDGE AVENUE 
EAST SIDE. 

(Nothing historically or otherwise important, south of Van- 
derhorst Street.) 

Vanderhorst Street Ends — 

No. 172, Ashley Hall. V. 

On the beautiful grounds stands a building erected previous to 
1860, used now as a private school for girls, of the highest order. 
In addition to the usual branches of education, the young ladies 
are given high-toned instruction in music, languages, athletics and 
lady-like refinement. 

Radcliffe Street Ends— 

(Nothing of interest until Sumter Street is passed.) 

Sumter Street Intersects — 

No. 344, Christ Church. V. 

This parish had its origin in the munificence of the late Mrs. 
Sophia Frances Shepherd, who in 1852 deeded to the Diocese a 
tract of land in what was long known as Shepherdsboro, for the 
purpose of erecting a church thereon. At the time the land at the 
corner of Rutledge Avenue and Sumter Street was well outside 
of the city. In 1854 the Rev. Edward Phillips was called to take 
charge of the work. The present parish of Christ Church was 
organized in that year. With the assistance of Mr. J. H. Quinby 
as lay reader he gathered a congregation and organized a Sunday 
School in a small building near the site of the church yet to be 
erected. In the following year Mr. Phillips' devoted ministry 



94 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

was cut short when he was stricken down and died of yellow 
fever. In 1856 Mr. J. Mercier Green acting as catechist took 
charge and work was begun on the church building and com- 
pleted in 1857. Mr. Green, having been ordained deacon, was 
called to be minister-in-charge, and continued in charge until 
the end of the War of Secession when owing to the unsettled con- 
dition of affairs and the scattering of the congregation, the church 
was closed. It was reopened by Bishop Howe in 1872 when Rev. 
Mr. Green again took charge of his old parish. He was followed 
in a short time by the Rev. J. V. Welch, who labored devotedly 
in this field for many years. Later the church was in charge of 
the late Mr. Henry P. Archer. In late years the parish has been 
in charge successively of the Rev.' Messrs. R. J. Walker, P. H. 
Whaley, J. M. Stoney, C. H. Bascom, and the present rector, 
Rev. H. D. Bull. 

In these late years the wisdom of the founders of the parish 
has been justified — splendidly located, it occupies a strategic posi- 
tion in a rapidly developing section of the city, and the promise 
of the future is bright indeed. 

WEST SIDE. 

Broad Street — 

Colonial Lake. V. 

A grant was made to the city practically embracing the land 
from Rutledge Avenue to the channel of Ashley River, and be- 
tween Board and Beaufain Streets. Ashley Avenue was run 
across the same and the land to the west is rented for private 
uses, and that east thereof was enclosed in a pond with its 
borders arranged in walks and garden plots, making a beautiful 
recreation park. The waters of the pond are graced with many 
pleasure craft in which the youths besport themselves. Of a 
summer's afternoon it is a gay point, and gives enjoyment to 
many of our people, young and old. 

Beaufain Street Intersects — 

Wentworth Street Intersects — 

Montague Street Intersects — 

Bennett Street Commences — 

Nos. 121-125, Charleston Museum. V. 

This is the oldest museum in America. It was founded in 1773, 
which makes it older than the nation, and was incorporated in 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, s. c. 95 

1915. It is supported jointly by appropriations from the city 
and county and by private contributions. 

The building now occupied was erected in 1899, for the Con- 
federate Reunion, by the city, and afterwards turned over to be 
used as a museum. 

Its large collections of natural history and the history of 
human culture are now being re-installed and enlarged in accord- 
ance with the most modern ideas for educational museums. 

In addition to its exhibits the museum is equipped with wood- 
working, blacksmith and printing shops, and maintains a reference 
library of about 6,000 volumes, and carries on extension work of 
many kinds, including lectures, field trips, and the circulation of a 
large series of traveling exhibits among the public and private 
schools of the city and public schools of the county. A popular 
Bulletin is published monthly and technical researches occasionally. 
The museum is on the Belt, Union Station and Gadsden Loop car 
lines. It is open on week days from 10 to 6 (10 to 5 in summer) 
and on Sundays from 3 :30 to 6, and admission is always free. 
Children under twelve must be accompanied by an adult, except 
on Saturdays. 
Cannon Park at corner of Calhoun Street. 

Calhoun Street Intersects — 

Nothing important until corner Carolina Street. 
Rutledge Avenue Baptist Church. V. 

This substantial and convenient building was erected for the 
worship of Baptists in the northwestern section of the city, and 
has done a good religious work. 



ST. MARGARET'S STREET 

St. Margaret's Home. 

An institution whose object is to provide a comfortable home 
for those who are rendered helpless or invalids from some in- 
curable malady, providing same be not contagious or mental. Only 
persons of good character admitted. 

The home opened November 3, 1910. During eight years 
of existence has cared for upwards of 75 patients, most of whom 
were entirely dependent upon the home for support. The home 
is partly charitable, taking pay cases as well as free, and those 
who can only pay a small amount for their support. In the 
summer of 1915 and spring of 1916 were left legacies of $10,000, 



96 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

and $1,000 by the wills of the late Mrs. Rosa Thompson and 
Miss Ellen King. This was used towards erecting the new build- 
ing, the corner-stone of which was laid December 1, 1916. 



ST. PHILIP STREET 

EAST SIDE. 
Wentworth Street- 
George Street Intersects — 

Brith Shalom Synagague. 

Organized in 1856. Present synagague erected in 1874. Its pur- 
pose is to observe, teach and promote orthodox Judaism. Its 
Sunday School has an average attendance of approximately 150. 
It maintains a Hebrew school wherein the Jewish youth is 
taught the Hebrew language and the Jewish religion. The women 
of the congregation maintain and conduct the Daughters of 
Israel Hall, a building adjoining the congregation property, for 
Jewish social and educational entertainments. 

Its income and disbursements approximate $5,000 per annum. 

Calhoun Street Intersects — 

Vanderhorst Street Intersects — 

Warren Street Intersects — 

Radcliffe Street Intersects — 

No. 132, St. Patrick's Church. V. 

Established in 1837. A small wooden building was erected which 
was subsequently improved and enlarged. In 1884 it was deter- 
mined that the needs of the parish called for a larger and more 
substantial building. The work of raising the necessary funds 
was set on foot, and the present church began early in January, 
1886, and completed and consecrated May 15, 1887. 

The building is of red Hamburg brick, with Winnsboro granite 
facings, and the architecture, which is in the Norman or early 
Gothic style, is strictly correct and the finish complete in all details. 
This parish is large in the extent of its territory, and the number 
of parishioners and is an important influence among the Roman 
Catholics of Charleston. 
No. 272, Greek Orthodox Church. 






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Page 96 



AN INVITATION TO 
THE PUBLIC AND VISITORS TO OUR CITY 



fJThe public and visitors in our 
midst are respectfully invited to visit 
our modern Gas and Electric Plants 
at the foot of Charlotte Street, 
where we have recently made im- 
provements costing approximately 
$1,000,000 :: :: :: 

^[Passes to the Plants may be se- 
cured by applying to the Main 
Office, U\ Meeting Street 



CHARLESTON CONSOLIDATED RAIL 
WAY & LIGHTING CO. 



Page 97 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 97 

WEST SIDE. 
Beaufain Street — 

Nos. 1-7, Memminger School. V. 

High school for girls. First training school for teachers estab- 
lished in South Carolina. One principal, one vice principal, 20 
teachers, 475 pupils. Erected 1859. Remodeled 1901. The Tate 
Annex housing the domestic arts departments, was erected in 
1908. This building also houses the administrative and business 
offices of the City Board of School Commissioners. Headquarters 
of the school system. 

Named in honor of the Hon. C. G. Memminger, distinguished 
lawyer, Secretary of the Treasury of the Confederate States, 
Chairman of the Board of School Commissioners for 30 years. 

Wentworth Street Intersects — 

No. 35, Bennett School. 

Elementary school for white pupils. One principal, 19 teachers, 
700 pupils. Was erected 1856 and remodeled 1910. It was named 
in honor of Mr. Jefferson Bennett, merchant and philanthropist. 
Former school commissioner. The original building modeled after 
the public schools of that date in the City of New York. 

Green Street Commences — 

Calhoun Street Intersects — 

Vanderhorst Street Intersects — 

Corner Vanderhorst. Police Station. 

Unfortunately mankind is so constituted that in all towns and 
cities the strong arm of the law, the police, is necessary to restrain 
evil-doers and protect the mass of citizens. 

On the earliest maps of this city is marked the station-house 
of the town guard — at the foot of Broad Street, where the old 
postoffice building now stands. Within the memory of the living, 
the station house was on the site now occupied by the present 
postoffice. This last building was so badly injured by the earth- 
quake of 1886 that a new building was erected on a part of the 
Citadel grounds, facing on King Street. The growth of the State 
Military College, made this building essential to it, so the police 
station was removed to its present location, a suitable, convenient 
and ornamental building, erected and occupied May, 1907. 

Warren Street Intersects — 

Radcliffe Street Intersects — 

No. 145, Beth Israel Synagague. 



y© GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

SMITH STREET 

EAST SIDE. 
Bull Street- 
No. 88, Centenary Church Home. 

This worthy work is carried on by the Centenary M. E. Church. 
It is a home for the aged, and gives comfort to many who need 
its fostering care. It is for our colored citizens. 



SOCIETY STREET 



NORTH SIDE. 
Meeting Street — 

No. 72, Shin-as' Dispensary. 

Alexander Shirras, a Scotch merchant, who had settled in Charles- 
ton soon after the Revolution, died, leaving his estate to provide 
for first class medical treatment and medicines to the indigent 
who may be suffering from various diseases to which flesh is heir. 
The board of trustees organized November 30, 1813. They found 
the funds not sufficient to establish an infirmary, so many of the 
physicians of the city volunteered their services free, and they 
have been enabled to do a good work, by advice and by the 
distribution of medicines free. 

The present building for their office was erected in 1887. 

No. 76, Extension of Y. W. C. A. from George Street. (See that street 
for description.) 

Nos. 84-86, Victory Theater. V. 

The Victory Theater was formerly known as the Victoria 
Theater. It was completely remodeled during 1917-1918, and is 
today one of the most attractive play houses to be found south 
of Washington. It is devoted to a policy of refined vaudeville, 
securing its attractions through the Keith Circuit. 

Three performances are given daily (Sunday excepted). They 
are scheduled to start at 3:30, 7:30 and 9:15. An excellent or- 
chestra composed of first class musicians is heard at every per- 
formance. 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 99 

SOUTH BATTERY 
NORTH SIDE. 
Church Street- 
No. 6, Villa Margherita. 
No. 8, Wm. Washington Home. 

This substantial wooden building was built by Thomas Savage, 
soon after 1768, and after the Revolution was bought by Col. 
Wm. Washington, a Virginian, who won his laurels during the 
Revolution largely in South Carolina. He married a South 
Carolina lady, and settled here. During the Revolution, a lady 
friend had made a red silk flag, which his troop carried through 
the bloody battles of Cowpens, Eutaw Springs, etc. His widow 
presented this flag to the Washington Light Infantry in 1827, and 
since, has been treasured by that company as a sacred memento 
of a brilliant past. 



SPRING STREET 
NORTH SIDE. # 

Coining Street — 

No. 68, Spring Street M. E. Church. V. 

Spring Street Church was organized in 1857, Rev. W. E. Boone, 
Pastor. The church building, one of the best and handsomest 
in the city, was erected immediately after the organization of the 
church, and was dedicated in 1858. For some time during the 
War of Secession this church was used as a store-house by the 
Confederate Government. When Charleston was evacuated it 
was seized, as were also the other churches of the city, by the 
Federal troops, and by order of the United States Government 
was turned over to a Mr. Lewis for the use of the colored 
people. After the war closed, through the efforts of Rev. L. C. 
Loyal, it was returned to its original owners. It has been dam- 
aged three times by cyclone and by earthquake, but it is now in a 
good state of repair, a fine imposing structure, free from debt 
and has a convenient and substantial parsonage on an adjoining lot. 

Percy Street Intersects. — 

From West end of Street. Bridge across Ashley River. 

The Charleston Bridge Company in 1808 was authorized to con- 



100 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

struct a toll bridge across Ashley River from the western terminus 
of Spring Street. Some years thereafter the bridge was partially 
destroyed by a cyclone, but was soon restored. In February, 
1865, on the evacuation of Charleston by the Confederate army, 
it was completely destroyed by fire and for over twenty years 
thereafter there was no communication by bridge across Ashley 
River at the same site. The present bridge structure was com- 
pleted and opened to traffic on the 28th of January, 1886. 

In August, 1911, the bridge was seriously damaged by a fierce 
hurricane. It is now in fine condition and is of great convenience 
to the traveling public. 



SUMTER STREET 

WEST END. 

Ashley River Asylum. V. 

This is for the care of the colored indigents, and is supported 
by the city. 



THOMAS STREET 



EAST SIDE. 
Warren Street — 

Nos. 14-16, St. Mark's P. E. Church. V. 

This church was established in the year 1866, by men and women 
who had previously been worshipping with the several Episcopal 
congregations (white) of Charleston, and were both encouraged 
and aided by them to do so. Their first rector was the Rev. Mr. 
Joseph Seabrook. 

St. Mark's has, from the granting of her charter, been a self- 
supporting parish. Being denied representation in the Diocesan 
Council in the year 1876 along with the other colored congregations 
(all missions) and refusing to become a member of the colored 
"Council," afterwards created, she has stood by herself and but 
for the connection with the general church, through her bishops, 
would be an entirely independent church. In these two respects 
the history of St. Mark's is unique in the history of churches 
of the P. E. Church among colored people of the South. With 
a membership of about 300, a handsome church building, a well 
appointed rectory, and being free from debt, she stands well to- 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 101 

wards the front in her liberal contributions to the missionary 
movements of the church, abroad as well as at home. In her 
career she has giver several of her sons to the sacred ministry. 



TRADD STREET 

NORTH SIDE. 

Meeting Street — 

No. 70, Home of Judge Robert Pringle. 

This old home was built in 1774 by Judge Robert Pringle. It 
is now the residence of Senator Arthur R. Young. 

King Street Intersects — 

Orange Street Commences — 

No. 104, Col. John Stuart's Home. 

This old and well preserved house was built about 1772, by Col. 
John Stuart. He was a noted royalist and left the city, and his 
property was confiscated. It has had several successive owners 
and is now owned by Mr. Walter Pringle. 

Legare Street Intersects — 

West end of street, U. S. Light House Department. 

Here was originally Chisolm's rice mill, dating back to the early 
part of the last century. With the death of the rice trade it 
became useless for its purposes and the site was sold to the United 
States, and there has been erected a very complete and modern 
equipment for the Light House Department. 



VANDERHORST STREET 

NORTH SIDE. 

King Street- 
No. 12, Irish Volunteers Armory. 

Here are gathered the men and material of this company whose 
war record is unsurpassed. The world accepts the dictum that 
the Irish are born fighters and this company of men of Irish blood 
are true to the traditions of their race. 



102 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

It was founded June 20, 1794, and since has done valiant service 
in every war or even scrimmage, which has affected Charleston. 
It was in the Florida War, the Confederate War, the city riotous 
period, and on the Mexican border (these last two we refer to 
as the "scrimmages") and have capped their record of gallant 
service by their valor and devotion in France, in the great 
World War. In the last they were Co. C, 105th Ammunition 
Train, 30th (Old Hickory) Division. The company has had the 
good fortune to be commanded by many captains, who rose high 
in the love and admiration of the people of South Carolina. 



WASHINGTON STREET 

WEST SIDE. 

Calhoun Street — 

No. 63, The Florence Crittenden Home. V. 

Now located at 63 Washington Street, but to remove before 
1920 to Parkview, Charleston, was established October 2, 1899, for 
rescue work among young women. After five years of general 
rescue work among all classes of people and human frailties, it 
was found expedient to specialize, and the home thenceforth stood 
for preventive work among young girls and the reclamation of 
unmarried mothers and the fitting of each of these to earn a 
good living for herself and child. Each mother remains in the 
home for six months after the birth of child, longer if needed. 
Nearly 600 girls and 500 children have been cared for. Ninety 
per cent, of the girls have made good ; about twenty per cent, 
have made exceptional records, holding positions of high trust 
and emolument; seventy per cent, have married and are making 
good wives and mothers. Except for the annual city appropriation 
of $500.00, and such help as comes from the girls' fees when 
they can pay, the home is supported by voluntary contributions 
from all over the State. 



SUBURBS 



Until recent years the city had practically no suburbs. This was 
on account of health. When the neck of land on which the city is 
built became cultivated, malaria prevailed. These malarial conditions 
were overcome by drainage. Therefore as far as the city drains went, 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 103 

it was healthy, but where they stopped it was malarial. But in recent 
years, through the efforts of the Drainage Commission, the suburban 
lands have, by drainage and by screening the houses, become 
healthy and many suburban vicinities have been opened up and popu- 
lated. This is somewhat restricted by the unpleasant fumes thrown 
out in the manufacture of sulphuric acid for the fertilizer works, 
occupying both banks of the river, above the city limits. Proximity 
to these factories is consequently avoided. The Navy Yard and the 
suburban settlements about it and North Charleston are beyond the 
limit of the fertilizer factories. Hampton Terrace, Rose Gardens, 
etc., are below these factories. 

A very important suburb has been developed in North Charleston, 
largely industrial and consequently requiring many residences. During 
the World's War the U. S. Government established a magnificent 
terminal and storage station at this point, pronounced by competent 
judges the finest on the Atlantic coast. As the Government use for 
this will terminate with the return of peace, it is not unlikely that 
these terminals will be used for commercial purposes and give this 
city the most splendid shipping facilities and will build up a vast trade 
from the granaries and manufactures of the west to the ports of South 
and Central America. 



FERTILIZER MANUFACTORIES 

Reached by automobile or by street car lines up Meeting Street. 

On the Charleston Neck is manufactured more commercial fertilizer 
than at any other point in the whole world. Phosphates are the base 
of nearly all such fertilizers and the proximity to the great and avail- 
able phosphate deposits of South Carolina, most naturally led to the 
development of this most important and valued industry. Besides 
this, it is near the territory where the use of commercial fertilizers 
is essential. 1865, the year following the great upheaval of the War 
of Secession, found this State with its fields practically exhausted. 
The old system of taking out of the land everything and putting 
back nothing and when the land was reduced to a non-productive" con- 
dition abandoned and the labor carried to new lands in the southwest. 
Conditions then existing were that our people had nothing left but 
the land and they were forced to fertilize, which gave a large field 
to these fertilizer factories and they have proved of great value to 
the State and to their promoters. 

The factories generally seek a water front, as the phosphate rock, 
the bulk of the material of the fertilizers, and the sulphur pyrites, 



104 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

etc., for making sulphuric acid, come by water. Going up the Ashley 
River side we find factories, four of independent companies, and six 
of the Virginia-Carolina Chemical Co. On the Cooper River front, 
three independent factories. Between the two rivers, on the railroad, 
is another independent factory. Besides the fertilizers manufactured 
here, there are large sales by companies and firms who buy of local 
factories, or import the stuff they sell. The business has proved ex- 
ceedingly lucrative and added much to the wealth and prosperity of 
the city. 



MAGNOLIA CEMETERY V 

Reached by automobile and by Meeting Street Car Line. 

That the people of Charleston reverence their loved ones who have 
passed away, is most clearly demonstrated by their maintenance of 
this most beautiful cemetery. Beautiful naturally, the refined taste 
of the people has made it far more so. Its winding driveways, its well 
kept lots, its fine monuments, bear undying testimony to the love 
of the people for the sacred memories it embalms. There is little 
of lavish expenditure for magnificent sarcophagi, but go where one 
wills, there may be seen the mourning widow, the fatherless children, 
or the loving friend, keeping bright the resting places of the ashes 
of the departed. The people of Charleston lay their loved ones for 
the final rest among far more beauteous surroundings than those they 
occupied while alive. 

The beauty of the grounds and the many striking memorials of the 
distinguished sons of Charleston who rest there is an honor to the 
people of our city. The first monument which arrests the attention 
of the visitor is that to the Confederate dead. It is a finely executed 
bronze figure of a soldier in the Confederate uniform, upon a square 
pedestal of granite 20 feet high. Around it are eight hundred head- 
stones marking the resting place of soldiers who died in the defence 
of Charleston, and of a number whose remains were brought from 
the field of Gettysburg through the efforts of ladies of this city. The 
Confederate monument is the work of the womea of Charleston, and 
is a noble evidence of their patriotism and devotion. 

Among many worthy of attention may be mentioned the monument 
to Col. William Washington, of Revolutionary fame, erected by the 
Washington Light Infantry; that to Hugh S. Legare, one of South 
Carolina's most gifted sons, and the beautiful obelisk erected by the 
survivors of the Charleston Light Dragoons to their comrades who 
fell in the war. 

For obvious reasons no reference is made to many artistic and fine 
monuments to private individuals. 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 105 

OTHER CEMETERIES ADJOINING MAGNOLIA V 

Bethany, the south side of Magnolia Ave. 

St. Lawrence, on Huguenin Avenue, south of Magnolia. 

Berith Shalom, on Huguenin Avenue, south of Magnolia. 

K. K. Beth Elohim, on Huguenin Avenue, south of Magnolia. 

Humane Friendly, on north side of Magnolia Avenue. 

United Friendly, on north side of Magnolia Avenue. 

All of these resting places for the dead are as carefully kept and as 
handsomely ornamented with private memorials as Magnolia. In all 
is shown the same reverence for the departed — those gone but not 
forgotten. At the entrance to St. Lawrence is a most artistic wrought- 
iron hand-made cross, the work of a Charleston iron worker of 
renowned skill. It is really a work of art. In Bethany is an im- 
posing monument to the distinguished General Wagener, who was a 
most prominent and patriotic figure in our city's history for many 
years. 



COUNTRY CLUB 

Reached by automobile or Meeting Street cars. 

Situated just north of Magnolia, on Huguenin Avenue. It is open 
only to members and their guests. 



ELIZA LUCAS HALL 

Take a North Charleston car up Meeting Street;, and get off at 
Y. M,. C. A. at Navy Yard. 

This very fine structure was completed January, 1919, and dedicated 
April 8-10, 1919, to meet a most pressing need for the housing of 
girls. It is situated in a beautiful grove near the west gate of the 
Navy Yard, just across the city railway. It was named in honor of 
Eliza Lucas, one of the shining social lights in the colonial history of 
our State, one whose useful life has been told most charmingly in 
Mrs. Ravenel's graphic book. She paid much attention to the silk 
industry and about 1745 had three beautiful dresses woven of the 
silk she had raised on her plantation, one of which she presented 
to the mother of George III, one to Lord Chesterfield, and the other 
is still preserved as a precious heirloom. She married Thomas 
Pinckney. 



106 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

The Eliza Lucas Hall is controlled and directed by that most worthy 
association, the Young Women's Christian Association. 

Beautiful parlors, and verandas, where the girls in the house enter- 
tain their friends. Single rooms, attractively furnished, wide halls, 
plenty of fresh air, a high standard of living — all this is provided 
for the girl workers who live in the Eliza Lucas Hall. A recreation 
secretary lives and plays with the girls of the house, working out 
with them homelike evening concerts, talks or games, garden planting, 
parties and everything to make their life a happy, wholesome one. 
Also special vacation, transient and week-end rates are available for 
girls and women wishing to enjoy the privilege of the beautiful home. 

Thus it becomes the country club for many from the city, where 
hours or days may be spent in pleasure, rest and recreation. 



FORT SUMTER 

Reached only by U. S. transport boat. 

This fort was built upon a shoal, an artificial rock island having 
been created thereon, just within the entrance to the harbor, at a 
narrow point, which gave it a command of the channel. It was named 
after the Revolutionary hero, General Sumter; was begun by the 
United States Government in 1829, and was nearly completed when 
the War of Secession broke out. It was a closed work of masonry, 
having five faces, with truncated angles, two tiers of guns in case- 
mate and one in barbette. The walls rose perpendicularly to the height 
of forty feet above high water. When the Confederates occupied 
it after its capture April 13, 1861, it was put in first class order. 

During 1863 and the following year it received a fierce bombard- 
ment from the Union vessels, then was added that from the batteries 
at the eastern part of Morris Island, and when the Union forces 
obtained a footing and finally, after the island was evacuated, from 
Battery Gregg at a distance of only 1.400 yards, all of which made the 
fort a mass of ruins. But the Confederates heroically held the ruins, 
and prevented their capture. 

After the war the fort was repaired, and now stands a grim senti- 
nel at the gates of Charleston. 



CASTLE PINCKNEY 

Reached only by boat. 

This fort was erected on the marsh and sand bank known as 
Schultze's Folly, between the city and the entrance to the harbor. 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 107 

The site was selected in 1794, work commenced 1797 and completed 
in 1804. In subsequent years it was enlarged and improved. It really 
has no historic interest, and even in the attack on the harbor by the 
Union forces, 1861-5, it played no important part, being rather distant 
from the scene of operations. 

Later it was used by the Government as a light house station, until 
the removal of this department to its present site at the west end of 
Tradd Street in the city. 



FORT MOULTRIE 

Reached by ferry from foot of Cumberland Street. 

In 1776 the famous fort was built of palmetto logs as a crib work, 
filled in with sand. On 28th of June of that year only the front was 
finished. Then the armament consisted of thirty-one guns, principally 
26 and 18 pounders. The flag was a blue field with one crescent and 
the word "Liberty" in white. At that time it was attacked by a 
British fleet under Sir Peter Parker. The fort was then called Fort 
Sullivan, but owing to the gallantry of its commander, Col Wm. 
Moultrie, its name was changed to Fort Moultrie. The garrison was 
composed of 435 of Moultrie's regiment. At the east end of the 
island, Col. Wm. Thompson was stationed with 780 men, which pre- 
vented General Clinton from crossing Breach Inlet, and gaining a 
footing on the island, which would have caused the loss of the fort. 
The British force under Clinton on Long Island was 2,800 men. 

The fleet was composed of eleven vessels, 270 guns, and was com- 
pletely defeated, and withdrew at the end of the day, leaving one 
vessel a wreck and with the flagship seriously disabled. The American 
loss was 96, the British 200. This was the first complete American 
victory of the Revolution. 

An incident of the battle was the gallantry displayed by Sergt. 
Jasper. When the fire was at its hottest, the flag staff was struck, and 
lay, with the flag, on the beach in front of the fort. Sergt. Jasper 
cried out, "Don't let us fight without a flag," leaped from the parapet, 
at the southwest angle, passed along the entire front, recovered the 
flag, attached it to a sponge staff, remounted the parapet and de- 
liberately fixed it in position on the southeast bastion. 



FORT JOHNSON 

Reached by boat or automobile 

The first fortification ever erected for the defence of the harbor 
was on James Island, in 1704, to meet a feared French fleet. It was 



108 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

named Johnson in honor of the then governor of the province. In 
1759, a second fort, more substantial, of tapia, was constructed and 
this was the fort of the Revolution. 

In 1765 a British sloop of war arrived with a supply of stamped 
paper, which was stored at this fort, then occupied by a British force. 
Great excitement was aroused in the city, culminating in the organiza- 
tion of three volunteer companies, who crossed the river during the 
night and captured the fort. Every preparation was made to resist 
the British man of war, and a flag was hoisted, a blue field with 
three white crescents, the first form of the present State flag. The 
British captain sent a boat ashore about daylight the next morning, to 
learn what it all meant. The naval officer in charge was told that 
if he would re-embark the stamped paper and sail away with it it 
would be satisfactory, otherwise it would be burned. He acceded and 
the odious stamped paper was returned to England. This incident 
shows that Charleston paraded armed men, captured a British fort, 
displayed a rebel flag, ten years before a sister colony at Concord 
resisted with arms the British authority. Oh, that we had a poet to 
immortalize this equally splendid patriotic action as has immortalized 
the Concord incident. 

In 1775 it was a second time seized by the patriots and shots were 
fired at the British war ships, Tamar and Cherokee. 

In 1861 and then throughout the War of Secession, the fort took 
part in the defence of the harbor. It is a remarkable circumstance 
that on this spot occurred the first offensive action against Great 
Britain for the liberty of the colonies, ten years before Alassachusetts 
took up arms and the signal shot to open the bombardment of Fort 
Sumter in 1861 came from the same spot, both inaugurating the only 
two great revolutions our country has" suffered. 



ST. JAMES' GOOSE CREEK CHURCH 

Organized about 1706. 
Reached by automobile or A. C. L., debarking at Otranto. 

A most interesting spot in the neighborhood of Charleston is the 
old Church of St. James, Goose Creek, situated in the midst of a 
beautiful country, surrounded by many objects which excite the in- 
terest of the traveler and connected with the history of the State 
in all its stages. 

It is near Otranto, on the A. C. L. Railroad, and a walk about 
a mile takes us across Goose Creek bridge, along a winding road, 



guide; TO CHARLESTON, s. c. 109 

to the church, a handsome rough-cast brick building, a short distance 
from the creek. It has four arched windows and a door on each side, 
with a cherub in stucco on each key-stone; over the west door is 
a pelican feeding her young, at the east end is a large window in 
front of which is the chancel in which stand the altar, pulpit and 
reading desk ; over this window the Royal Arms of England still 
stand in high relief. The sides of the altar are ornamented with 
four Corinthian pilasters supporting a cornice, and between them 
are the Tables of the Decalogue, Apostles' Creed and Lord's Prayer. 
The roof is supported by four Doric columns, and on the walls 
are several marble tablets in memory of the early members of the 
congregation. Among them one commemorates the virtues of the 
Hon. Ralph Izard, for many years one of the leading men of the 
State and a gentleman of great ability and high culture. 

Dr. Francis Le Jau, the founder, arrived in the colony in 1706, and 
soon after a small wooden church was built. Glebe land of 100 
acres was given by Capt. Schenekingh and for the parsonage four 
acres by Arthur Middleton. At the foot of the altar Dr. Le Jau was 
buried, the inscription on his tomb being: 

Here lyeth the body of the Rev. 
FRANCIS LE JAU, Doctor in Divinity 
of Trinity College, Dublin; who came 
to this Province Octover 1706 and 
was one of the first Missionaries sent 
by the Honourable Society to this 
Province, and was the first Rector 
of St. James' Goose Creek. Obijt. 
15th September, 1717, AEtat 52. 
To whose memory this Stone is fixed 
by his only Son Francis Le Jau. 



THE OAKS 

Reached by automobile, and from Otranto on A. C. L. 

A short distance from St. James Goose Creek Church, on the other 
side of the main road is a farm known as "The Oaks," from the 
magnificent avenue of those trees by which it is approached. No 
one should leave the neighborhood without visiting this avenue. The 
trees are said to have been planted by one of the very earliest set- 
tlers, and are, consequently, over two hundred years old: they have 
attained great size, and for nearly a quarter of a mile form a con- 
tinuous arch over the broad road; the dark foliage of the live oak 
festooned with grey moss, renders the effect inexpressibly grand. 



110 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

MOUNT PLEASANT 

Reached by ferry from foot of Cumberland Street. 

With its high bluff and the background of dark foliage, forms a 
very pretty picture. This village was originally a summer resort for 
the planters of Christ Church Parish, but its healthy climate and 
pleasant situation soon induced a number of the business men of the 
city to adopt it as a retreat. Although not possessing the fine beach 
and surf of Sullivan's Island, it gets as much of the cool sea breeze, 
and has the advantage of easy access to the surrounding country, 
affording pretty walks and drives, and during the open hunting sea- 
son, a fine field for the sportsman. The resources of this locality are 
being rapidly developed. Truck farming is the principal industry in 
the immediate vicinity, and is very profitable ; the cultivation of 
asparagus is a specialty, and is conducted on a vast scale. 

The excellent facilities for travel and transportation now afforded 
by the Charleston Isle of Palms Traction Co. assure the rapid growth 
of Mount Pleasant. 



SULLIVAN'S ISLAND, MOULTRIEVILLE, ATLANTIC- 

VILLE 

Reached by ferry from foot of Cumberland Street. 

Sullivan's Island has long been a favorite resort for Charlestonians 
and for many years before the war each summer presented a scene 
of much gayety and fashion. In the military operations during the 
war the buildings were demolished, but since that time the growth of 
Moultrieville has been very rapid. In place of the generally rough 
structures formerly erected for temporary use, there are many very 
handsome residences and the houses generally are substantial and 
comfortable. 

Atlantic Beach Hotel provides accommodation for visitors. The 
establishment of a garrison for Fort Moultrie and the new fortifica- 
tions erected as part of the coast defenses has added much to the 
life of the island. 

In recent years a new settlement, "Atlanticville," has been made 
near the eastern end of the island, a portion not before inhabited, 
and many residences have been built. This is the result of the 
running of the railroad through the island. 

Sullivan's Island has a very fine beach over three miles long, and 
safe and delightful surf bathing. 

Near Fort Moultrie lie the remains of the Indian chieftain, Osceola, 
who had died in captivity at the fort. 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. Ill 

ISLE OF PALMS 

Reached by ferry from foot of Cumberland Street. 

Across Breach Inlet from Sullivan's Island, and directly facing the 
ocean, is the Isle of Palms, formerly Long Island. The island has 
a broad and perfectly smooth beach eight miles in length, sloping 
so gently that surf bathing is possible at any stage of the tide; the 
interior is covered with a dense grove of palmettoes, live oaks 
and other trees native to the region and presents an almost tropical 
appearance. An immense pavilion has been erected looking out upon 
the ocean ; to this are attached excellently arranged sets of dressing 
rooms for bathers, a first class restaurant, refreshment stands, etc. 



MAGNOLIA ON THE ASHLEY 

Reached by automobile or boat. 

About fifteen miles from the city is the most wonderfully beautiful 
spot in the world, whose peculiar features can be found nowhere 
else. The natural forest growth, largely consisting of live oak and 
magnolia has been allowed to remain and under and among these noble 
trees broad walks wind, bordered by azaleas, twenty and thirty feet 
high, which in the early spring are a perfect glory of color. Foreign 
trees and rare plants are to be seen on every side, and nature and 
art are so blended in effect that a perfection of beauty is attained. 
This garden is the result of the skill and taste of a private gentle- 
man, whose property it was and by whose family it is still held, but 
for some years arrangements have existed for its being opened to the 
public, and thousands of visitors annually visit it. 



ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH 

Reached by automobile. 

Among the relics of early days in Carolina, stands the Parish Church 
of St. Andrew. This parish was laid off in 1706, and a plain brick 
church built. In 1723 this was added to, making it in the form of a 
cross, forty feet long by fifty-two wide, with a handsome chancel 
twelve feet deep and twenty- four feet wide; it was neatly finished 
and had commodious pews. At the west end was a gallery originally 
intended for those who had no pews, but afterwards appropriated to 
the colored people. At the east end was a large window, and another 
on each side of the communion table. The church was destroyed by 



112 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

fire, and rebuilt in 1764, and now remains one of the few which have 
escaped the vicissitudes of two revolutions. 

This church is only about eight miles from the city and a drive across 
Ashley River Bridge and through the beautiful country, well repays 
the visitor. 



RUNNYMEDE ON THE ASHLEY 

Reached by automobile or boat. 

This is one of the most beautiful old places on the river, adjoining 
and just above Magnolia Gardens. It was settled before the Revo- 
lution and was the home of the Hon. John Julius Pringle, Speaker 
of the House of Assembly in 1787, and Attorney General for many 
years after 1792. The residence is modern, but the grounds are old 
and attractive. The house contains many heirlooms of the Pinckney 
family (it was in recent years owned by C. C. Pinckney), relics from an 
old Indian mound on the premises, and one of the finest collections 
extant of phosphate remains from the South Carolina deposits. It 
is well worth a visit. 



ASHLEY HALL 

Reached principally by automobile. 

This old plantation was settled by Stephen Bull, who came out with 
the very first colonists, and was not distant from the first original 
settlement of Charles Town, at "Old Town" on the Ashley. The 
house was built in 1704 of brick, and after his death became the 
residence in succession of two William Bulls, his son and grandson, 
who for more than thirty years were lieutenant governors of the 
province, the last of whom was in office when the royal government 
was overthrown. Both often had the administration of the affairs of 
the colony. It was burned by its owner in 1865 to prevent it and 
its priceless contents from falling into the hands of the invading 
Union forces. 

On the same plantation is a small one-story building still standing, 
built about 1704, where was signed a treaty of peace with the Cherokee 
Indians after the great Indian war of 1761. Governor Bull on re- 
ceiving the chief, took him by the hand as a pledge of his security. 
After smoking the pipe of peace, Chief Attakullakulla, in a speech of 
great dignity and pathos, sued for peace, which was readily granted, 
for while the war had ruined the Cherokees, it had been also dis- 
astrous to the colony. 



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GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 113 

\ SUMMERVILLE 

Reached by automobile or by Southern Railway. 

"About twenty-two miles from Charleston, on the line of the 
Southern Railway, and in the midst of the pine woods, is this 
beautiful town. It is situated on a ridge which extends across from 
the Cooper to the Ashley River, and which is remarkable for its 
healthfulness. The climate is very agreeable; in winter, being out 
of the influence of the east winds, which frequently prevail on the 
coast, the temperature is mild and equable, and in summer, though 
the days are warm, a delicious coolness pervades the atmosphere at 
night which insures refreshing sleep. From these causes it is par- 
ticularly beneficial to invalids, or persons convalescing from illness. 
The many advantages which Summerville possesses are being rapidly 
realized, and each year the population is increasing. There are sev- 
eral excellent boarding houses, besides the magnificent Pine Forest 
Inn and Carolina Inn, which are generally full during the winter 
season. Churches of all the religious denominations, good schools, 
and a well-supplied market furnish all the requisites for a comfort- 
able and pleasant living, and many families induced by these advantages 
have become permanent residents, the business part of the family 
going to the city on the many convenient trains. 

Originally Summerville was a summer residence town for the planters 
of the surrounding country, it is now either a permanent home 
largely for Charleston people, and during the winter months a northern 
tourist resort. 

The country around abounds with game, and offers rare sport to 
those with hunting proclivities. 



THE NAVY YARD 

Reached by Navy Yard cars, C. C. Ry. 

This is the only navy yard on the Atlantic coast south of that at 
Portsmouth. It is fully equipped for a most useful work, and its 
many employees are fully occupied in turning out supplies for the 
Government, from building destroyers down to making the seamen's 
shirts. In 1919, there was something like 4,000 employees. It has a 
fine dry dock, but one of a thousand feet length has been com- 
menced, and when the 40-foot channel which the Government is now 
having dredged is completed the largest vessels of the United States 
Navy, and with the deepest draught, can steam right up to the dry 



114 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

dock, enter and be overhauled. Millions have been spent in developing 
the magnificent plant. It has splendid hospital accommodations. 
During the World War. thousands of the Reserve Naval forces were 
trained at tUnis station, contributing largely to the success which has 
crowned American efforts for restraining militarism and establishing 
higher ideals for a world's peace. 



Historical 



The City of Charleston owes its origin to a party of English 
Colonists, sent over by the "Lords Proprietors" under Col. Wil- 
liam Sayle, in the year 1669, to whom an extensive grant of lands 
in America, including the whole of the Carolinas, had been made 
in 1663, by King Charles II. Several expeditions were sent out 
by them, but that under Colonel Sayle was the first to make per- 
manent settlement. 

The colonists landed in April, 1670, at a spot on the west bank 
of the Ashley, somewhat above the present city, and there laid 
out a town which they named in honor of the King, Charles 
Town. 

In a Kttle while it was found that the situation of the town 
was inconvenient for shipping, and by degrees the inhabitants 
began to establish themselves nearer the sea. 

The point formed by the confluence of the Ashley and Cooper 
Rivers, and known as Oyster Point, was low and marshy, and 
cut up by numerous creeks, but there was sufficient high ground 
on the Cooper River side to afford room for a settlement. 

In 1680, so large a majority of the people had removed to this 
spot that it was formally made the seat of government, and 
called New Charles Town. Two years later the former settlement 
was virtually abandoned, and the new one became the only Charles 
Town. It was at that time declared a port of entry, and in 1685 
a Collector was appointed. The city w T as incorporated in 1783. 

On looking at an early plan of our present city we are hardly 
surprised that it should not have been at first selected as the 
site upon which to build, and we cannot too greatly admire the 
energy and patience of the men who triumphed over the difficul- 
ties which nature interposed, and laid the foundation of the city 
destined to play so important a part in the history of America. 

As to the inhabitants, the first settlers were Englishmen. They 
were of various classes and conditions of life; some of them 
Cavaliers, friends or connections of the Lords Proprietors, of 
adventurous spirit; others, men of lower degree, seeking their 
fortunes. 

They were joined in the years 1685 and 1686 by a number of 
Huguenots, whom the revocation of the Edict of Nantes had 
driven from France, and these soon formed an important part of 
the population. A few brought money with them, and were able 
at once to enter into commerce and to become landholders. All 



116 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

of them were trained to habits of industry, and the strict, almost 
austere nature of their religion and the trials which they had 
gone through, made them earnest, hard-working men, well fitted 
to combat the many difficulties and disappointments incident to 
the settlement of a wild and untried country. 

Immigrants from other parts of the world, also for various 
reasons found their way to the new town. These different ele- 
ments naturally took some time to settle into a state of harmony. 
The Cavaliers and the Puritans could no* easily forget their old 
feuds, and the French were for a long time regarded as aliens, 
and debarred from all political privileges. 

But the common dangers and labors which they had to undergo 
together, and the necessity of combined action, in time caused 
their differences to be forgotten, and all worked together for the 
general good. 

The original walls of the city, commencing at the Granville 
Bastion on Cooper River, on the mainland, just north of Vander- 
horst Creek, at the north end of the present High, or East Bat- 
tery, ran westward to the Colleton Bastion, on Meeting Street, 
about its junction with Water Street, thence northwardly to the 
Cartaret Bastion, corner now of Cumberland Street, and thence 
east to Craven's Bastion on the Cooper. River, now corner of Cum- 
berland and East Bay, about where the Custom House stands, 
facing a creek which there ran in, and is now Market Street. 
There was at the intersection of Broad and Meeting, Johnson's 
Covered Half Moon, occupying the present site on Broad Street 
of the Court House and the Post Office. Through this was the 
•gateway to the city. 

On White Point stood about at the junction of the present 
East and South Battery, Wilkins' Fort of 16 guns. Gibbs' Fort 
stood on White Point, opposite the foot of King Street. Much 
later, certainly previous to 1796, there was on the site of East 
Battery on the old Holmes lot, and that of Mr. Charles Alston, 
Fort Mechanic. 

The laws of the Province were administered by a Governor and 
Council appointed by the Proprietors, who had prepared for the 
Government of their Colony certain "Fundamental Constitu- 
tions" constructed by the celebrated philosopher John Locke, but 
probably inspired to a considerable extent by his friend and patron, 
the Earl of Shaftesbury. 

South Carolina, however, showed a revolutionary spirit very 
early. From a very early period difficulties were continually 
arising between the people and their rulers. The Proprietors 
away in England could neither understand nor sympathize with 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 117 

the conditions of the colonists here, and while on the one hand 
they were unable or unwilling to fulfill many of their pledges to 
the crown, and to the people of the Colony, on the other they 
were frequently disposed to usurp greater powers than were 
granted to them. At length, in the year 1719, the people formed a 
secret scheme for throwing off the government of the Proprie- 
tors, and putting themselves directly under that of the British 
Crown, and, in December of that year they formally notified the 
Governor, Robert Johnson, of their intention. Governor Johnson 
endeavored to maintain his position, but the people standing firm, 
he perceived that' resistance would be useless. They chose James 
Moore as their Governor, subject to the direct authority of the 
British Crown. 

Within the next ten years the Proprietors formally surrendered 
their Charter. The Province was then divided into North and 
South Carolina. 

The Province grew and flourished, and Charles Town became one 
of the chief cities of America. Its commerce was large and its 
people rapidly acquired wealth. The social life of the city was 
gay and brilliant; nearly all the young men of means were sent 
to England for their education, and they returned bringing English 
customs and fashions. But they did not expend their time and 
substance only in gaiety and pleasure. Handsome and costly 
buildings were erected, some of which stand to the present day; 
associations for religious, charitable and educational purposes 
were organized, which have carried on their work for two cen- 
turies, and on their rolls may be found the names of descendants 
of the founders in the sixth and seventh generations. The old 
St. Philip's Church, completed in 1723, and burned in 1835, was 
referred to by Edmund Burke as "spacious and executed in a 
very handsome taste, exceeding everything of that kind which we 
have in America." The beautiful architecture of St. Michael's, is 
the admiration of all observers today, and the old Exchange stands 
a monument of strength and honest builders' work. 

The St. Andrew's Society, founded by Scotchmen in 1727; St. 
George's Society, by Englishmen in 1733; the South Carolina 
Society, by French Protestant's in 1737; the German Friendly So- 
ciety, 1766, are all in existence, and the Society for the Relief of 
the Widows and Orphans of the Clergy of the Protestant Epis- 
copal Church in South Carolina, the first religious, charitable 
society in America, still supports the families of many clergymen. 

The Charleston Library Society, organized in 1748, was the 
third association of the kind in America, and has ever been one of 
the important educational factors in Charleston. 



118 :- v : : z : : ; z a z i z s z : >- , s . : 

The relations : : the Province with the mother eoun t r y w ere 
friendly, and the people of Charles Town were very loyal to the 
British Government; it was, therefore, from no spirit of discon- 
tent or restlessness that the inhabitants commenced their resis- 
tance to that government, but from a sense of the duty which rested 
on them to oppose what they considered unjust encroachments on 
their rights as subjects. 

The first o:er. cause of diuacnlty occurred, as is -"eh kr.cv.-n. or. 
the ;assage of the Start; Act in 1765; the resistance of all the 
American Colonies brought about the repeal of this in the fol- 
lowing year. In 1":" taxes v.-ere laid : r. glass. ;a;tr. tea and 
painters' colors, the colonists petitioned for their removal, and 
formed associations among themselves, pledged not to import 
these articles. The taxes were removed, except that of three 
pence a pound on tea, upon which the colonists promptly bound 
themselves to use no more of it. In 1773 the famous tea affair 
occurred; the East India Company sent large cargoes into the 
various American ports, in hopes that, as the payment of the tax 
would not be made direct to the British Government, but through 
them, it might meet with a sale, but the colonists perceived the 
evasion, and would have none of it; in Charles Town it was 
; :::i in tellers, and the tonsignees were rrchibitea front crter- 
ing it for s a 1 e 

Cn the 6th of July. 1 77—, a large meeting v.- as held in dharles 
Town, composed of persons from all tars ::' the Province and 
the action of the British Government, in relation especially tc 
Massachusetts, v.- as discussed arc rest!.:::: as --'ere ad:; ted la ch- 
ina: t: a combination ::' the several Colonies to secure themselves 
against a continuance of such action. Henry Middleton, John 
I- ledge, Christopher Gadsden, Thomas Lynch and Edward Rut- 
it ire were a;;:inted ce;uties to rearesent the Province in a 
convention of the Colonies. The action :f that convention, and 
of the subsequent Congress belong tc the general history ::' the 
country it is sufficient to observe thuvt the people of Charleston 
and Carolina generally, promptly acquiesced in it and prepared 
themselves for armed resistance to the power of Great Britain. 
Active hostilities commenced in South Carolina on 12th November, 
1775. when two royal armed vessels, the Tamar and the Cherokee, 
opened fire on the schooner Defence, Captain Tufts, which was 
engaged in protecting the sinking of hulks across Hog Island 
Channel. The Defence returned the fire, but there was r. : loss 
on either side. Col. William Moultrie, having taken possession 
with a small force, at Haddrell's Point, mounted a few pieces 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 119 

of heavy artillery there, and with a well directed fire, induced 
the British vessels to put to sea. 

The first blood was shed in the memorable battle of Fort Moul- 
trie, on the 28th of June, 1776. On the first of that month intel- 
ligence was received that a large British fleet was making its 
way toward Charleston, and on the morning of the fourth the 
main part of the fleet came to anchor just outside of the bar. 
Preparations were immediately commenced to meet the expected 
attack. 

About this time Maj. Gen. Charles Lee arrived in Charles 
Town, and was invested by Governor Rutledge with full command 
of all military affairs. He was disposed to withdraw all the 
troops from Sullivan's Island, but both Governor Rutledge and 
Colonel Moultrie, who commanded the Island, dissuaded him from 
doing so. Fort Johnson, on the opposite side of the harbor, was 
occupied by the First South Carolina Regular Regiment, com- 
manded by Colonel Gadsden. Fort Sullivan stood on the front 
beach of Sullivan's Island, and commanded the main entrance to 
the harbor; it was a square structure with a bastion at each angle, 
and was built of palmetto logs, piled one on another in two lines, 
sixteen feet apart, the open space between being filled with sand. 
There was not sufficient time to carry out the plan of the fort, 
and only the Wall on the front and the southeastern, and part of 
the southwestern ' sides were completed; some temporary de- 
fences, built of plank, filled up the unfinished portions, but these 
were only available against a land attack. The armament con- 
sisted in all of twenty-six guns; on the southeast bastion was the 
plain blue flag with white crescent, which from that day became 
so famous. 

At the eastern end of the Island, breastworks were erected, 
and Col. William Thompson was in command. His whole force 
consisted of seven hundred and eighty men, and they were pro- 
vided with one eighteen-pounder and a field piece. The British 
land forces, three thousand men, under Maj. Gen. Clinton, landed 
on Long Island, and having fortified themselves there, began 
preparations to cross Breach Inlet, and attack Fort Sullivan in the 
rear. 

On the morning of the 28th of June, the fleet, under command 
of Admiral Sir Peter Parker, and consisting of eight vessels, 
two of them fifty-gun ships, crossed the bar, and advanced to- 
ward the city, at the same time Gen. Henry Clinton's forces made 
a demonstration on the eastern end of the Island, but were kept 
in check by Colonel Thompson's gallant riflemen. The gallant 



120 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

defence made by these troops saved Fort Sullivan from a rear 
attack, which would surely have resulted in its fall. 

Sir Peter Parker, supposing that the fort would offer but a 
slight resistance, opened a sharp fire upon it, as he passed, from 
four of his ships. The fire being as briskly returned, the engage- 
ment soon became general and lasted from a little before eleven 
in the forenoon to near nine o'clock at night, when the fleet 
retired, having suffered terrible losses; three of the vessels having 
been sent around to attack the fort on the western side, went 
aground on the shoal known as the Middle Ground, and one of 
them, the Actaeon could not be got off, and was abandoned; 
the others escaped with severe losses; the Admiral's ship was 
almost entirely destroyed. The loss of the British was upwards 
of two hundred men; that of the Americans was ten men killed 
and twenty-two wounded. 

One of the incidents of the day was the heroic rescue by Ser- 
geant Jasper of the flag which was shot away early in the action. 
He leapt over on the beach and deliberately restored it to its 
place, under the heaviest fire of the enemy. 

The defence of this fort was one of the most gallant actioas 
of the whole war, and gained for General Moultrie the highest 
reputation. The fort was named in honor of him, Fort Moultrie, 
which name it still bears. The present fort is built of brick on the 
same site. It was occupied by United States troops under Major 
Anderson, at the time of the secession of South Carolina, and it 
was his evacuation of it on the night of the 26th of December, 
1860, after having spiked the guns and destroyed the carriages, 
and his taking possession of Fort Sumter, which constituted the 
first act of hostility in the War of Secession. 

The repulse of the British forces left Charles Town in a state 
of comparative peace, the blockade being removed, commerce 
flourished, and notwithstanding the terrible fire of the 15th Jan- 
uary, 1778, in which two hundred and fifty dwellings besides stores 
and other buildings, were destroyed, the city continued to grow 
and prosper until 1780, when the British recommenced military 
operations against it. 

On the 11th February, 1780, a British Army, under Sir Henry 
Clinton, landed within thirty miles of the city and commenced to 
advance upon it. Clinton formed a depot of supplies and built 
fortifications at Wappoo, on James' Island; on the 1st of April 
he crossed the Ashley and invested the city, at the same time his 
fleet crossed the bar, and this time passing Fort Moultrie under 
a heavy fire, but without engaging it, sailed into the harbor. The 
American forces of less than 4,000 men, chiefly militia, under com- 



GUIDE; TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 121 

mand of General Lincoln, made active preparations for defence, 
strong lines of fortifications were thrown up across the Neck, 
and the works on South Bay, and other exposed parts of the city, 
strengthened and manned. 

The British advanced against the land side, by regular ap- 
proaches, keeping up meantime a heavy bombardment; several 
skirmishes occurred between portions of the two armies, but there 
was no general engagement, and on the 12th of May, the enemy 
having carried the outer works, prepared for a general assault 
by land and sea; when the garrison perceiving that further re- 
sistance was useless, and having already suffered heavily from sick- 
ness and want of food, determined to capitulate. 

The British held the city until the 14th of December, 1782, and 
under their harsh rule the inhabitants had to endure many priva- 
tions and indignities. At that time the commander, General Leslie, 
having leveled the walls of the town and of Fort Johnson, noti- 
fied General Greene of the intended evacuation; and an arrange- 
ment was made for the American troops to enter the town as the 
British left it, both parties pledging themselves to abstain from 
any hostile demonstrations. 

As may be supposed, great rejoicings followed this event. So 
far as Charleston was concerned, the war was virtually ended 
and the general peace which was made soon after removed all 
further difficulties. 

And now began a second period of progress and prosperity 
for the city. Its boundaries, which had long since grown beyond 
the limits of the little town first laid out, were still further ex- 
tended. For many years Charleston enjoyed profound peace and 
unbroken prosperity; it was during this period that the city was 
substantially and handsomely built up, most of the important 
institutions organized, and the greatest improvements inaugurated. 

The war with Great Britain of 1812 did not seriously affect 
her; naturally there were occasional stoppages of trade and threat's 
of attack, but nothing came of these beyond exciting in the people 
that prompt spirit of resistance to force which they have always 
exhibited. 

This condition continued with the exception of the Nullification 
excitement until the outbreak of the War of Secession. 

On 31st March, 1850, the city mourned the loss of South Caro- 
lina's greatest statesman, Hon. John C. Calhoun. Every respect 
was paid to his memory, his remains received with the utmost 
deference and ceremony, and finally deposited in the churchyard 
of St. Philip's Church. 

We come now to the period in the history of Charleston which 



122 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

overshadows all the rest in importance, both in the material 
changes which it produced in the city itself and in the qualities 
and characteristic of its citizens which brought it into play. 

Charleston, as she had done in the throwing off of the govern- 
ment of the Lords Proprietors in 1719, in the Revolution of 1776, 
and in the Nullification proceedings of 1831, took the lead among 
the cities of the South in the Secession movement of 1860-61. 
The Ordinance of Secession was signed in the Institute Hall, 
on the evening of 20th of December, 1860. The people of Charles- 
ton were ready to abide by any consequences that might' result 
from their action on that occasion, but they hoped that the United 
States Government would recognize their rights and not resort 
to forcible means of settling the questions between the Southern 
States and itself. This hope was first' shaken when on the night 
of the 26th of December, Major Anderson, Commandant of Fort 
Moultrie, abandoned that fort, having first spiked the guns and 
destroyed the carriages, and took possession of Fort Sumter. 
By this action war was virtually commenced, and the State au- 
thorities deemed it advisable to look to their own defences. 

The points around the harbor were fortified and manned by 
companies from the city and other parts of the State. A detach- 
ment of the Citadel Cadets, under Maj. P. F. Stevens, occupied 
a battery hastily thrown up on Morris Island. On the morn- 
ing of the 9th of January, 1861, the Star of the West, a 
United States transport steamer, loaded with men and military 
stores, attempted to enter the harbor for the purpose of rein- 
forcing Fort Sumter. When about two miles from the fort the 
cadets opened fire upon her; the first shot was fired across her 
bow, merely to give warning. The steamer running up the United 
States flag, and increasing her speed, the next two shots were 
aimed at her, and one struck, while the rest were so close as to 
show that the artillerists had got the range and were ready to do 
damage. Perceiving that, the captain deemed it more prudent to 
retreat, and turned his vessel seaward, abandoning the project of 
aiding the fort. 

From this time all doubts were removed from the minds of the 
people of South Carolina as to the hostile intentions of the United 
States Government. Gen. P. G. T. Beauregard, of the Confederate 
Army, having arrived in Charleston, from New Orleans, was in- 
vested with command of all military affairs, and proceeded at 
once to organize his forces. 

It was evident that the garrison of Fort Sumter could not re- 
main there with safety to the city, but Major Anderson showed 
no signs of intention to move, and it was ascertained that ships 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 123 

of war were on their way to the South. Batteries were thrown 
up on Morris and Sullivan's Island, Fort Moultrie was strength- 
ened, and a floating battery, protected with iron sheathing, was 
built and anchored Off Haddrell's Point, all manned by volunteer 
troops from all parts of the State, who had rushed to the city 
for its defence. 

The Union Relief Fleet having arrived off the bar, April 11, 
demand was made for the surrender of the Fort, which was de- 
clined, so at 4.20 a.m., April 12th, fire was opened on it. The 
Fort made a gallant defence, but when on April 13, the quarters 
were fired by hot shot from Fort Moultrie it became untenable, 
and the flag was hauled down. Most liberal terms were given 
the garrison. 

As war was now certain the defences of the harbor were 
strengthened, and made so strong that the combined efforts of 
the Union Army and Navy were unable to force an entrance. 
The Union fleet blockaded the harbor, but could never get inside. 
The Army, however, captured Morris Island, and from there bom- 
barded Fort Sumter, reduced it to a mass of ruins, which the 
gallant defenders, however, held until February 17 and 18, 1865, 
when all troops were peaceably withdrawn and the city was 
evacuated. 

The city was now left in the hands of the enemy, who had so 
long been vainly endeavoring to seize it; and while the off-repeated 
threats of razing it to the ground were not literally carried out, 
yet quite sufficient damage was done to satisfy the most revenge- 
ful spirit. Private houses as well as public buildings were turned 
over to the military, and worse still, their followers; and for some 
weeks at least, a continual scene of pillage and destruction was 
going on. Much valued private property was stolen or destroyed, 
and it was scarcely safe for the few inhabitants who remained, 
to venture out of their houses. 

At length, in April, the final overthrow of the Confederacy 
occurred, and the citizens of Charleston commenced by degrees 
to return, their hopes blasted and their fortunes gone, to their 
once beautiful home, now so sadly changed. 

It is difficult to picture the condition of the city at this time. 
A consideral le portion of it was in ruins, and every resource by 
which it might be built up again, and its trade and commerce 
revived, seemed hopelessly gone. About one-fourth of the city 
had been destroyed by the great fire of 1861. This fire was the 
most destructive Charleston had ever known. The pathway ex- 
tended from the foot of Hasell Street, on the Cooper River, to the 
end of Tradd Street, on the Ashley. The burnt district covered 



124 GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 

an area of five hundred and forty acres, and the loss of prop- 
erty variously estimated at from five to seven millions of dollars. 
As may be supposed, nothing was attempted towards repairing 
the damage during the four years of war which followed, and the 
numerous fires which occurred during the shelling of the city and 
at its evacuation, laid waste nearly as much more. 

But this was by no means all the loss that the city had sus- 
tained; the entire banking capital was gone; the insurance com- 
panies were insolvent, and private capital, of course, in very 
nearly the same condition. The railroads which communicated 
with the city were all worn out, and in some cases destroyed, 
while the steamship lines had long been disused, and the few 
vessels which were owned in Charleston converted to other uses. 

Under these circumstances the task of re-opening the business 
of the city seemed absolutely hopeless, but the energy, courage 
and endurance which had characterized the people of Charleston 
through the dangers of the war did not desert them in the greater 
trials of this time, and they boldly faced the difficulties before 
them; with what success the present condition of the city shows. 

The years that have elapsed since the close of the war have 
been eventful, and the people of Charleston have had their strength 
severely tested. For upward of ten years the city suffered under 
the evils of misrule, part of this time military rule prevailed, and 
when that was withdrawn the city was in the hands of carpet- 
baggers. There was a terrible cyclone, August 25, 1885, causing 
a loss of $1,500,000. 

In 1886 occurred the earthquake. Any attempt to describe here 
the horrors of that night, the suffering of the days and nights 
that followed, would be impossible; nor can a detailed account of 
the results be given. The immediate loss of life was not very great; 
twenty-seven deaths being reported; the number of persons 
wounded was never ascertained, the total number of deaths at- 
tributed to injuries, cold and exposure was eighty-three, while 
there is no doubt that in many cases persons sick or infirm at 
the time, permanent injury to health was sustained, and this may 
be understood when it is remembered that for about a fortnight 
the inhabitants of tHe city were homeless; few persons ventured 
to sleep within a house, and nearly the whale population of the 
city was encamped in the public squares and streets of the city, 
or taking refuge in the vessels in the harbor. The loss of prop- 
erty was estimated at $5,(X)0,000 to $6,000,000. It is safe to say 
that not a building escaped injury altogether, many were com- 
pletely wrecked, many more could only be repaired by being 
practically rebuilt, while all were racked and strained. It would 



GUIDE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. 125 

have seemed natural that the whole city should be paralyzed, 
but in an incredibly short time the people aroused themselves 
to face the terrible situation. The heart of the whole nation went 
out to the stricken city. From every quarter came contributions — 
first to allay the immediate suffering, then to help rebuild and 
re-establish the ruined homes, churches and public buildings. The 
committee appointed for the purpose, disbursed over $600,000, 
and many thousands of dollars more were sent privately to indi- 
viduals, to be used by themselves or distributed among their 
friends. The sense of sympathy lent new courage to the people, 
and the material aid gave them means to set vigorously to work. 
In the city today it is almost impossible to detect a trace of the 
fearful destruction of that time. 

Since the redemption of the State from carpet-bag rule the 
property of the city has steadily increased and the years from 
1910-1919, proving wonderfully progressive. 

The Boulevard, a tract of marsh land, in the southwest quarter 
of the city, has been reclaimed by running a sea wall from the 
west end of Tradd Street to the west end of South Battery and 
all the space filled in and on it are erected many handsome build- 
ings. The northern and northwestern area beyond Line Street 
has been built up. Many nearby suburbs formed, principally 
Hampton Terrace, The Rose Garden, and others. Many suburbs 
have sprung up, Chicora Park, adjoining the Navy Yard, and a 
very large settlement at North Charleston. It would be safe to 
say that the number of buildings has doubled since 1900. The 
population in 1919 is over 100,000. 

Adjoining the city, on both the Ashley and Cooper River fronts 
are extensive fertilizer manufacturing plants. In fact, Charleston 
is the largest fertilizer manufacturing center in the world. 

The business growth has made all the large building improve- 
ments possible. 

Charleston has: Annual bank clearances over two hundred 
million dollars; retail stores over 1,500; annual distributing busi- 
ness more than fifty million dollars; industrial plants 200, capital- 
ized at over thirty million dollars; production over forty million 
dollars; employing over 15,000 persons and pay roll over ten mil- 
lion dollars; construction work in progress, employing 1,400 men. 
Has port commerce amounting to over three hundred and 
twenty million dollars (1916). Has 33 feet of water at high tide 
and the government has made appropriation to give 40 feet at 
low water. 

Was selected by the United States War Department and Ship- 
ping Board for development into the greatest seaport, and has 



1 _ t G V • j I 10 CHARLESTON, S, C. 

erected most extensive port terminals at the cost :: twenty-five 

million dollars. 

Has ample railway trunk lir.es. reaching to every part of 
America. 

Has nineteen banks, all with ample capital, large surpluses and 
millions on deposit. 

Fine coaling equipment, and is the only modern coaling point 
south :t Hatteras. It is the ntost important military vo naval 
center between the Virginia Capes and the Rio Grande. 

The only extensive Navy Yard south of Portsmouth, at which 
is now being built a new 1,000-foot dry dock. 

Charleston is a city with the most Splendid historic past :t any 
town in the United States, a city, on this account, measuring her 
activities by the incentive of a glorious yesterday, but ever alive 
to the opportunity of today, awake to the possibilities of the mo- 
ment, unlimited in her perspective, and completely confident of 
the golden future that must empty a cornucopia at her piers. 

Charleston is the great South Atlantic port, the mart through 
which already pass imports greater in value than those of all the 
other South Atlantic ports combined, and whose export trade 
practically doubled every year since 1904. President Taft 
has said that Charleston is "The Most Convenient Port to 
Panama." The government has recognized this by making Charles- 
ton the seat of the principal torpedo station of the Navy, the 
Charleston Navy Yard. 

Charleston i- ity industrially and particularly as a distribut- 

ing, exporting and importing center, one of the greatest on the 
South Atlantic seaboard. 

Charleston, within sight of the open sea enjoys the most equable 
climate of any city on the coast. About her are scores of interest- 
ing historic sights, miles of beautiful scenery, famous routes for 
motor boats, and the best fishing in the South. 

Charleston is a city of homes and churches, colleges and schools, 
a city that has retained in the civic life all that was best in the 
old, while reaching for all that is best in the new. Charleston is 
a city of refining influences, noted everywhere for the hospitality 
of its people and their courtesy. 



THE PARAGON DRUG CO 



THE REXALL STORE 



Eastman's Kodaks, Films and Supplies 
Developing, Printing and Enlarging 

CHARLESTON'S MODERN DRUG STORE 

286-288 KING ST. :: CHARLESTON, S. C. 

USEFUL 

ORNAMENTAL 

EVERLASTING 



AKtm^tal 



ArtfAstal 





The Best Fire- and Weather-Proof 
Steel Office Furniture Made 



See WALKER, EVANS & COGSWELL CO, 

5 BROAD STREET 

Page 127 



CAROLINA PORTLAND CLINT CO. 

CHARLESTON, S. G 



CONCRETE 
and MASONS' 
SUPPLIES 



LUMBER and SHINGLES 
ROOFING 



AND ALL BUILDING SPECIALTIES 



DR. F. B. F. HARDISON 



OSTEOPATHIC PHYSICIAN 



Cor. Wentworth and King Streets 

Home Phone 3036-W 

Office Phone 1693 Hours: 9 to 2; 3 to 5 



We use the Oxyoline Machine for Pulmonary and Bronchial 

Conditions 

Page 128 



CARRINGTON, THOMAS & CO. 

JEWELERS 

251 KING STREET ESTABLISHED 1835 

Eighty-four Years of Successful Business 



R. Shubrick Pinckney, Prop. PHONE 4366 

CHARLESTON WELDING WORKS 

223 Meeting Street 

OXY-ACETYLENE WELDING and CUTTING 
BICYCLES, SUNDRIES and SUPPLIES 

DISTRIBUTORS 

PREST-O-LITE STORAGE BATTERIES 



JOHN McALISTER 

FUNERAL DIRECTOR AND EMBALMER 

Automobiles to hire for 
Funerals and Weddings 

167 and 169 MEETING ST. Agent for JORDAN CARS 



WM. M. BIRD & CO., Inc. 

Headquarters for 

MASTER PAINTERS' PAINT, KEYSTONA, 

WHITE LEAD, LINSEED OIL 

AND ALL PAINTERS' 

ACCESSORIES 

205 EAST BAY STREET 

Page 129 



.^ 





Can find Sectional Book Cases 
and Desks, Fountain Pens, Cor- 
respondence Paper, and anything 
worth while in the Stationery 
line at No* 5 Broad Street, 
Walker, Evans & Cogswell Co* 



Page 130 



Thompson 
Transfer Company 

AUTOMOBILES 
FOR HIRE 

WHITE CHAUFFEURS - 8-CYLINDER CADILLACS 




Phone 122 



STORING, WASHING, GREASING 



DAY AND NIGHT 
SERVICE 

Booth in Charleston Hotel 



24-26 HAYNE 
STREET 

Behind Charleston Hotel 



T. ALLEN LEGARE l'ON L. RHETT 

Legare CS> Rhett 
Real Estate f Insurance 

63 Broad Street 

James c411an CSk Co. 

285 King Street, Charleston, S. C. 

Watchmakers and Jewelers 



AND DEALERS IN 



Diamonds and Silverware 



In Eusiness for colore than 60 Years The Hall oMark Store 



2? 



ceo 



-itfA 



